Predatory arthropods on alternative host plants in area surrounding by soybean-corn succession system
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Predatory arthropods on alternative host plants in area surrounding by soybean-corn succession system Eduardo Engel 1 & Mauricio Paulo Batistella Pasini 2 & Daniele Caroline Hörz 3 & Rafael Pivotto Bortolotto 2 & João Fernando Zamberlan 2 Received: 19 June 2019 / Accepted: 22 December 2019 # Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the diversity and abundance of predatory arthropods in three host plants over soybean and corn off-season. During the off-season harvest, from 2014 to 2018, Eustachys retusa, Andropogon bicornis and Saccharum angustifolium (Poales: Poaceae) plants were sampled in the area surrounding a soybean-corn succession system in the municipality of Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil. The number obtained for arthropods was sorted into species and number of individuals per species of host plant and clump diameter, used for statistical and SAD analysis. Over the five evaluation years, six species of predatory arthropods were identified, four coccinellids, one Carabidae and one spider (Lycosidae). The air temperature as well as the plant species and the clump diameter interfere in the population density of the sampled predatory arthropods. The analysis SAD showed prevalence for the Lycosa erythrognatha (Araneae: Lycosidae), followed by Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) for the host plants evaluated in the experiment. In conclusion, plants of E. retusa, A. bicornis and S. angustifolium shelter predatory arthropods in surrounding areas by soybean-corn succession system. The population density of these predatory arthropods is influenced by clump diameter of plants and air temperature during off-season. Keywords Biological control . Integrated Pest management . Population flow . Population dynamics
Introduction In Brazil, the largest production system is the succession planting, where the soybean-corn system is one of the most widespread in the country (Chiesa et al. 2016). Nowadays soybean production accounts for about 119 million tons in approximately 35 million hectares of cropped land, while corn reaches 81 million tons produced in about 16 million hectares cultivated in the first and second crops (Brazil 2018). A large amount of this productivity is established in the same agroecosystem, currently 35% of the soybean production area is inserted in the soybeancorn succession system (Chiesa et al. 2016).
* Eduardo Engel [email protected] 1
Departament of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” School of Agriculture/University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
2
University of Cruz Alta, Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
3
Departament of Plant Production, “Luiz de Queiroz” School of Agriculture/University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
To carry out the preservation in these areas, it is necessary to understand several aspects of the environment (Barratt et al. 2018). Succession systems give opportunities for the continuous permanence of pest-insects in the same area, combined with the presence of alternative host
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