Predicting Academic Resilience with Reading Engagement and Demographic Variables: Comparing Shanghai, Hong Kong, Korea,
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Predicting Academic Resilience with Reading Engagement and Demographic Variables: Comparing Shanghai, Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore from the PISA Perspective Kwok-cheung Cheung • Pou-seong Sit • Kay-cheng Soh • Man-kai Ieong • Soi-kei Mak
Ó De La Salle University 2013
Abstract Reading literacy is the main focus of the international comparative study of PISA 2009 (OECD, PISA 2009 results: What students know and can do: Student performance in reading, mathematics and science, 2010a) based on the results of which 65 economies were arranged in a league table. PISA also gathers background information which implicitly helps understand the achievement or the lack of it. The present study analyzes data of selected variables for four East Asian economies (Shanghai, Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore) which appear at the top of the league table, paying special attention to the ESCS (Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) disadvantaged students who are resilient in spite of being in an unfavorable condition. Logistic regression was run on the data to identify the predictive variables. Family structure, expected education, kindergarten attendance, and three reading engagement measures were found to differentiate between the ESCS disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students. To help raise the reading literacy standard of the disadvantaged non-resilient students relative to the resilient students, attention needs be paid especially to enjoyment of reading activities and awareness of metacognitive reading strategies, which are alterable variables at the disposal of the stakeholders. Keywords Reading literacy Academic resilience Reading engagement PISA
K. Cheung (&) P. Sit M. Ieong S. Mak University of Macau, Macao, China e-mail: [email protected] K. Soh Independent Education Consultant, Singapore, Singapore
Prevalence of Academic Resilient Students in East Asia Research done in past decades reveals that there are a sizable group of academically resilient disadvantaged students in a number of East Asian economies (OECD 2010b, 2011). On average, across the OCED 31 % of disadvantaged students are resilient, whereas for Shanghai, Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore the proportions are very much higher (see OECD 2010c, p. 62–63). Such students are able to beat the odds against them and are high in academic attainment by international standard. In PISA 2009 (OECD 2010a, c), Shanghai, Hong Kong, Korea, and Singapore have the highest share of disadvantaged resilient students (DRS) in their school population of 15-year-old students, and also are standing high among the top five positions in the league table of reading literacy performance among the 65 participating countries/economies (hereafter, economies). Making use of the test and questionnaire data collected in PISA 2009, a research question worth answering is: What predictors of academic resilience are statistically and educationally significant among 15-year-old students in the four top-performing East Asian economies in PISA 2009? Given that reading enga
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