Preheat-Treatment and Bleaching Agents Affect Characteristics of Bio-calcium from Asian Sea Bass ( Lates calcarifer ) Ba
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preheat‑Treatment and Bleaching Agents Affect Characteristics of Bio‑calcium from Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer) Backbone Ima Wijayanti1,3 · Soottawat Benjakul1 · Pornsatit Sookchoo2 Received: 15 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to elucidate the effect of preheat-treatments and bleaching agents on molecular characteristics and bioavailability of obtained bio-calcium. Methods Bio-calcium from Asian sea bass backbone was prepared using different preheat-treatment methods (boiling at 100 °C for 30 min or autoclaving at 121 °C for 90 min). Subsequent bleaching was carried out using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, followed by 2.5% hydrogen peroxide or using 2.5% hydrogen peroxide alone. Results Bio-calcium powder from autoclaved bone had higher calcium content (35.9 ± 0.2%) than that produced from boiled bone (25.7 ± 1.2%). Particle size of bio-calcium from autoclaved bone (16.71 ± 16.71 µm) was lower than that from boiled bone (52.85 ± 43.16 µm). Highest whiteness index (92.26 ± 0.21) was observed for autoclaved bone bio-calcium when hydrogen peroxide alone was used as bleaching agent. FTIR study confirmed that Ca-hydroxyapatite was present in both bio-calcium from boiled and autoclaved bones but the amount was higher in the latter. Conclusion Boiling or boiling/autoclaving could be alternative pre-treatment for bio-calcium production to reduce chemical or alkali used and to soften the bone. However, solubility of autoclaved bone bio-calcium was lower than boiled bone counterpart. Enhancement of solubility is still needed to improve bio-availability of bio-calcium from Asian sea bass backbone. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Asian sea bass · Backbone · Boil · Autoclave · Bleaching agent · Bio-calcium
* Soottawat Benjakul [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Statement of Novelty Fish bone bio-calcium or hydroxyapatite was usually produced using calcination at high temperature or chemical solvent to remove organic matter. Preheat-treatments and bleaching agent under appropriate condition was used for production of bio-calcium from Asian sea bass backbone. The autoclaving was proven as potential pre-treatment to soften the backbone and single oxidizing agent was proper for bleaching the bone for bio-calcium production.
Introduction Total world fisheries and cultured production achieved 96.4 million tonnes and 82.1 million tonnes, respectively in 2018, in which 156.4 million tonnes were used for human consumption. In 2018, 67 million tonnes of fish (live weight equivalent) were exported for a total value of USD164 billion, which were almost 38 percent of all fish caught or farmed worldwide [1]. Fish fillet and fish products of Thailand in 2019 reached 0.115 million tonnes as notified by Thai Department of Fisheries (DOF) [2]. Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) is the main native species cultured in the coastal area of Thailand. By 1970s, this species was cultu
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