Characterization of Enterococcus hirae Isolated from the Intestine of Seabass ( Lates Calcarifer ) as a New Potential Pr
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Characterization of Enterococcus hirae Isolated from the Intestine of Seabass (Lates Calcarifer) as a New Potential Probiotic against Pathogenic Vibrios Fathiah Masduki1,2 · Jasmin M. Y1 · Chong Chou Min1,2 · Murni Karim1,3 Received: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, we aimed to isolate, identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestine of juvenile seabass (Lates calcarifer) as a new potential probiotic. Four strains of LABs were isolated from the intestines of ten healthy seabass juveniles. In the in vitro screening process using spot lawn assay, one isolate labeled as LAB3 showed inhibitory activity against Vibrio harveyi (ATCC 35,084). Strain LAB3 was determined to belong to the gram positive bacteria group with cocci shape and was identified as Enterococcus hirae using 16S rDNA analysis. This bacterium was able to grow at pH ranging from pH 2 to 10 with the best growth at pH 7. This strain was also able to grow at 0–4% NaCl after 24 h incubation and grew best at 1.5% NaCl. Enterococcus hirae strain LAB3 of the present study is worthy to be further characterized as a potential probiotic for use in seabass culture.
Introduction The aquaculture sector has grown rapidly over the time to fulfill the demand of aquaculture products for human consumption. According to FAO [1], seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a popular food fish in Southeast Asian countries and over 80% of the total production comes from marine fish cages. Its tasty flesh makes it an excellent candidate for commercial aquaculture with high market demand. A lot of different culture practices have been applied to increase its production. This had led to disease outbreaks caused by bacteria, parasites and viruses. Since 1992, it had been reported that disease outbreaks led to high mortalities in fish hatcheries [2]. These could happen due to poor and uncontrolled * Murni Karim [email protected] 1
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
2
Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
3
Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS) UPM, Batu 7, Jalan Kemang Indah 6 Teluk Kemang, 70150 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
management practices in the farms. In Malaysia, the first fish disease outbreak was documented in 1989 and in 1990, an outbreak of vibriosis in marine fish caused huge economic losses to the country [3]. Several alternative strategies using environmentally friendly methods have been gaining acceptance and one of them is the use of probiotic bacteria to control pathogens [4]. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganism which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are microorganisms known to have probiotic properties [5]. LAB iso
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