Preliminary Analysis of B- and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Preliminary Analysis of B‑ and T‑Cell Responses to SARS‑CoV‑2 Li‑Xia Zhang1 · Shu‑Yan Miao1 · Zhong‑Hua Qin1 · Jun‑Pin Wu1 · Huai‑Yong Chen1 · Hai‑Bai Sun1 · Yi Xie1 · Yan‑Qing Du1 · Jun Shen1
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and Objective Without a specific antiviral treatment or vaccine, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, affecting over 200 countries worldwide. A better understanding of B- and T-cell immunity is critical to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A cohort of 129 patients with COVID-19 and 20 suspected cases were enrolled in this study, and a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and a magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (MCLIA) were evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG detection. Additionally, 127 patients with COVID-19 were selected for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate B-cell immunity, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were quantified in 95 patients with COVID-19 to evaluate T-cell immunity. Results The sensitivity and specificity of LFIA-IgM/IgG and MCLIA-IgM/IgG assays for detecting SARS-CoV infection were > 90%, comparable with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection. IgM antibody levels peaked on day 13 and began to fall on day 21, while IgG antibody levels peaked on day 17 and were maintained until tracking ended. Lymphocyte and subset enumeration suggested that lymphocytopenia occurred in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions LFIA-IgM/IgG and MCLIA-IgM/IgG assays can indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection, which elicits an antibody response. Lymphocytopenia occurs in patients with COVID-19, which possibly weakens the T-cell response.
Key Points
1 Introduction
Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay-IgM/IgG and magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassayIgM/IgG assays can indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection, which elicits an antibody response.
According to the World Health Organization report on 24 April, 2020, 2,591,015 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) cases were confirmed with 178,686 deaths globally. The novel severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a lack of approved vaccines or specific treatments to SARS-CoV-2 leaves patients dependent on their own immune responses [1]. The SARS-CoV-2 single-stand RNA genome is ~ 29.8 kb in length and encodes ~ 28 proteins (four structural proteins, eight accessory proteins and 15 non-structural proteins) [1]. High infectivity, similar syndromes and considerable mortality make laboratory diagnosis particularly important. Furthermore, laboratory diagnosis is critical to SARS-CoV-2 patient management, contact tracing and epidemiological studies. Timely diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 cases could reduce and interrupt the transmission of COVID19 from person to person. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) and serological testing are two main laboratory testing method
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