Preliminary data on Ascaridia galli infections in Gallus gallus domesticus and the development of a specific primer base
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Preliminary data on Ascaridia galli infections in Gallus gallus domesticus and the development of a specific primer based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 Tanapat Watcharakranjanaporn1 • Metawee Sabaijai1 • Chadaporn Dunghungzin1 Thapana Chontananarth1
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Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract One major problem of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) farming was various parasitic infections, especially Ascaridia galli that can cause the Ascaridiosis and is commonly found worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of gastrointestinal tract parasitic infections and to develop species-specific primer for A. galli detection. A total of 247 chicken gastrointestinal tract specimens from 5 fresh markets in Bangkok. The species-specific primers of A. galli were manually designed using the mitochondrial genome at the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (MT-ND 4) gene. As a result, PCR assays were optimized for the specific PCR product approximately 198 bp with the optimal temperature of 51 °C. In addition, sensitivity tests provided the detection of adult and egg stages at the minimum concentrations of 156.3 ng and 2.8 ng (70 eggs), respectively. This research can be used as preliminary information regarding the epidemic situation of gastrointestinal tract infections in chickens and detection of A. galli infection in definitive hosts, which plans programs for the effective control and prevention of parasitic infections. Keywords Ascaridia galli NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (MT-ND 4) Parasitic infections Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
& Thapana Chontananarth [email protected] 1
Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
A major problem in free-ranging poultry is parasitic infections, especially in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), in which infections with roundworms such as Ascaridia galli have a prevalence of 21.50–50.80% (Ssenyonga 1982; Sangvaranond 1994; Wilson et al. 1994) and can cause droopiness, diarrhea and hemorrhages in heavy infection. Heavily infected hosts may also present a decline in weight gain and delayed growth due to damage to the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and defective nutrient utilization (Das et al. 2010). In severely infected hosts, especially in young birds, intestinal obstruction may occur, leading to death (Abdelqader et al. 2008). In Thailand, poultry producers often raise chickens free-range, which increases the risk of external and internal parasite infections. Such infections do not cause death but affect hatching and growth rates, especially in southern regions has potentially increase the spread of parasitic infection because this area is prone to rain and flooding (Eso et al. 2015). The classical method for identifying roundworm is by using morphological characteristics based on a wet mount technique (Ramadan and Znada 1992). Roundworms are difficult to classi
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