Preparation of NiCu Alloy Catalyst for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Benzofuran
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Preparation of NiCu Alloy Catalyst for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Benzofuran Tianhan Zhu1 · Hua Song1 · Feng Li1 · Yanguang Chen1 Received: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A series of bimetallic N ixCu(10-x)/SiO2 (where x is the mass fraction of Ni and the total metal loading was fixed at 10 wt%.) catalysts with different Ni/Cu mass ratio are prepared and characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The benzofuran (BF) hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance of as-prepared catalysts are evaluated in a fixed flow reactor. The results showed that the incorporation of Cu to Ni/SiO2 catalyst can increase surface area of catalyst and improve the reducibility of nickel oxide species, which contributed to higher catalytic activity and total deoxygenated compounds yield. Moreover, the strong synergistic effect between Ni and Cu led to the formation of NiCu alloy at the Ni mass fraction of 5 wt% and thus induced smaller crystallite size and exposure of more active particles, which inevitably contributed to the improved HDO performance for N i5Cu5/SiO2 catalyst. At 300 °C, 3.0 MPa, MHSV=3.0 h −1 and H2/oil = 500(v/v), the total yield of deoxygenated products over N i5Cu5/SiO2 catalyst reached 86.0%, which is increased by 10.8% and 77.4% as compared to those of monometallic Ni/SiO2 (75.2%) and Cu/SiO2 catalysts (8.8%), respectively. Finally, a possible reaction network for HDO of BF on Ni5Cu5/SiO2 catalyst was proposed.
* Hua Song [email protected] 1
Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
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Graphic Abstract
Keywords NiCu alloy · Benzofuran · Hydrodeoxygenation
1 Introduction In recent years, increasing demand for energy and strict environmental regulations have forced the researchers to seek for promising renewable and clean energy to ease the energy crisis. As the renewable and abundant sources, biomass has attracted many attentions due to its potential to be converted to transportation fuels [1]. Typically, fast pyrolysis is one of the most useful technology for biomass upgrading and the upgraded biomass is namely bio-oil. Unexpectedly, the obtained bio-oil via fast pyrolysis contains a mass of oxygenated compounds, which leads to the undesirable properties of oil, such as high viscosity, low chemical stability and low heat value [2–4]. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to remove oxygen atom from the bio-oil for further application. The catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is one of the most efficient and promising methods to upgrade bio-oil. The challenge of bio-oil HDO is to develop an appropriate catalyst with desirable activity. Therefore, various kinds of HDO catalysts have been inves
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