Preparation of Polyaniline Microtubes as the Gold Catalyst Support with Improved Catalytic Performances for the Reductio
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preparation of Polyaniline Microtubes as the Gold Catalyst Support with Improved Catalytic Performances for the Reduction of Nitrophenols Libo Sun1 · Lin Jiang1 · Jie Zhang1 · Toru Murayama1,2 · Miao Zhang1 · Yuhua Zheng1 · Huijuan Su1 · Caixia Qi1 Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) microtubes supported Au catalysts were prepared and evaluated in the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols to aminophenols with NaBH4 as the reductant. PANI microtubes were prepared through a template-free method with salicylic acid as the dopant. HAuCl4 was used as a gold precursor. Au nanoparticles were loaded on PANI microtubes by an in situ redox reaction between PANI and HAuCl4. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared PANI/Au composite catalyst were investigated using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and Raman spectra. We found that the metallic Au nanoparticles were loaded on PANI through the in situ redox reaction and located closer to the imine nitrogens of PANI. And the interaction between PANI and Au nanoparticles led the metallic Au negatively charged and favored the improvement of catalytic activities in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). A comparative study for the catalytic reduction of 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) and 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) showed that the activity sequence of PANI/Au was 3-NP > 2-NP > 4-NP. Keywords PANI microtubes · Template-free method · Au catalysts · Catalytic reduction of nitrophenols
1 Introduction Conducting polymers have been the focus of much research in recent years due to their potential applications in supercapacitors, electrochromic devices, anticorrosive materials, drug delivery systems, bioelectronics, wearable electronic devices and catalysts [1–4]. As one kind of conductive polymers, polyaniline (PANI) is the most promising one because of its good environmental stability and controllable conductivity. PANI with different morphologies, such as wires, tubes, rods, core–shell spheres and hollow spheres, has been obtained by various methods [5, 6]. Since the pioneer work Libo Sun and Lin Jiang contributed equally to this work * Caixia Qi [email protected] 1
Yantai Key Laboratory of Gold Catalysis and Engineering, Shandong Applied Research Center of Gold Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
Research Center for Gold Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1‑1‑F203, Minami‑Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192‑0397, Japan
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of Martin [7], one-dimensional tubes or rods in the micro or nano scale have attracted much attention due to their special electrical, optical and mechanical properties. PANI tubes can be synthesized by template-assisted or self-assembly approaches [8, 9]. For the template-assisted approaches, the templates are usually not involved in the final products and need to be removed before use. The self-assembly approaches are based on the polymerization of aniline with surfactant micelles as soft templates and the surfac
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