Preparation of PbTiO 3 Nanotubes by Electrophoretic Deposition Method and Effect of the Electrophoretic Voltage on the W
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Preparation of PbTiO3 Nanotubes by Electrophoretic Deposition Method and Effect of the Electrophoretic Voltage on the Wall Thickness E. Rahmati Adarmanabadi1, A. Nourmohammadi2*, M. H. Feiz1, and M. Lanki1 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Modern Science and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 8174673441, Isfahan, Iran *Email: [email protected] Phone: +98-311-7934718 Fax: +98-311-7934800 2
ABSTRACT In the current research, we have utilized sol-gel electrophoresis technique to grow PbTiO3 nanotube arrays in porous anodic alumina template channels. By using this method high quality and more condense nanotubes are obtained compared with other usual sol-gel methods. Also, the effect of the anodizing parameters on the diameter of the template pores, and effect of electrophoresis voltage on wall thickness were investigated. INTRODUCTION Lead titanate or PbTiO3 is a well-known ferroelectric material with the tetragonal perovskite structure. It is a solid solution of PbO and TiO2 and has the highest Curie temperature within the PbTi(x)Zr(1-x)O3 (PZT) family. Hence, it could be used for the applications at elevated temperatures. PbTiO3 nanotubes are also attractive, because they are promising candidates for IR and temperature sensors as well as high-density nonvolatile information storage and scanning probe-based ferroelectric mass storage devices [1,2]. Therefore, many attempts have been made in fabrication of PbTiO3 nanotube arrays. Those arrays are already fabricated employing different techniques such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydrothermal process and sol-gel method [3-8]. Our aim is the fabrication of high quality PbTiO3 nanotubes for both practical applications such as ferroelectric capacitors and studying the ferroelectricity phenomenon in nano-region. The advantage of employing sol-gel electrophoresis technique for those purposes is possibility of the control of the thickness of the nanotube’s wall, which is an important issue in the field of ferroelectricity [9]. Sol-gel electrophoresis is a cheap and simple method for the growth of nanostructures and thin films. This method has already been used for preparation of ferroelectric thin films and nanowires [10-11]. EXPERIMENT 1. Preparation of PbTiO3 precursor sols Highly stabilized PbTiO3 precursor sols were prepared through chemical modification of the organometallic precursors of titanium by acetic acid. Details of this method are discussed elsewhere [12]. Typically, in order to prepare the Pb1.05TiO3 precursor sol, 27.95gr lead acetate trihydrate (99.5% purity, Merck) was dissolved in 24.04ml pure glacial acetic acid. Then, the prepared solution was
dehydrated at 110ºC for 15min and cooled down to room temperature. After cooling down, 23.25ml titanium butoxide (98% purity, Merck) was added drop by drop to the solution. For 15min, this precursor solution was stirred at room temperature, and then, a mixture of 12.01ml de-ioniz
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