Preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres via photopolymerization initiated by LED light source
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres via photopolymerization initiated by LED light source Chuanbao Xie 1 & Kangwei Leng 1 & Jie Sheng 1 & Xuemei Wang 1 & Qianmin Li 1 & Liang Song 1 & Lei Liu 1 & Hejing Sun 1 & Xiaowen Huang 1 & Zhongwei Wang 1 & Qing Yu 1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Revised: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres were synthesized through visible light–induced photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldipenylphosphine oxide (TPO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and lightemitting diodes (LEDs) were used as the photoinitiator, stabilizer, and light source, respectively. No other additive was involved. The effect of LEDs, TPO, and PVP was discussed. Results showed that PMMA microspheres with the size of 0.5–0.8 μm could be obtained when LED@385 nm was the light source, and the content of TPO and PVP was 2 wt% and 30 wt% of MMA. Moreover, the possible formation pathway of PMMA microspheres was proposed based on the investigation of reaction time and addition method of PVP. Keywords Poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres . Photopolymerization . Light emitting diodes . 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldipenylphosphine oxide
Introduction In the past decades, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres attracted more and more interests due to their potential applications in many fields. PMMA microspheres could be prepared through several methods, such as thermal polymerization and photopolymerization [1–6]. Among them, photopolymerization is known as the environment friendly and energy-saving technology [7–9]. Zeng et al. synthesized the PMMA microspheres through photopolymerization [10]. In their study, Darocur 1173 was used as photoinitiator and mercury lamp was the light source. Although PMMA microspheres with narrow size distribution were obtained, the use of mercury lamp inevitably brings energy consumption and environmental pollution. In another attempt, although LEDs were chosen as the UV light source, Chuanbao Xie and Kangwei Leng shared as co-first author of this article * Zhongwei Wang [email protected] * Qing Yu [email protected] 1
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
some additives, such as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents, were needed to promote the formation of microspheres [7, 11]. These additives make the reaction confoundedly sensitive to the environmental condition and leads to a wide particle size distribution of microspheres [12]. So, it is necessary to explore facile and fast preparation methods for uniform PMMA microspheres. To lower the energy consumption during photo-induced synthesis of PMMA microspheres, the visible or near visible light would be a good choice. Correspondingly, a photoinitiator (PI), which has visible light absorption, is needed for high polymerization efficiency. According t
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