Pressure Settlement Behaviour of Strip Footing Resting on Unreinforced and Tire Chips Reinforced Copper Slag
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pISSN 1226-7988, eISSN 1976-3808 www.springer.com/12205
DOI 10.1007/s12205-020-0606-0
Geotechnical Engineering
Pressure Settlement Behaviour of Strip Footing Resting on Unreinforced and Tire Chips Reinforced Copper Slag Gourav Gill
a
, Ravi Kant Mittal
a
, and Rahul Dandautiya
b
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India Dept. of Civil Engineering, Atria Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560024, India
a
b
ARTICLE HISTORY
ABSTRACT
Received 5 April 2020 Revised 23 June 2020 Accepted 13 August 2020 Published Online 4 November 2020
The slag and waste tires are among the major wastes associated with the mining and automobile sectors, respectively. The disposal of such large quantities of waste requires immediate attention. This manuscript focusses on the application of copper slag under unreinforced and reinforced conditions as a load-bearing filling material in shallow foundations. For this purpose, model footing tests were conducted on copper slag under central and eccentric-inclined loading. The locally available sand was used as a reference. The parameters studied included the placement density, type of loading, tire chip content, and depth of reinforced zone. The pressure settlement behaviour of the copper slag was superior to local sand under central vertical as well as under eccentric inclined loading conditions. Quantitively, the bearing capacity increased by up to 21 times, when compared to the locally available sand. Furthermore, when mixed with tire chips, the bearing capacity of the copper slag increased by up to 1.41 times to that of the unreinforced case. The leaching potential of the copper slag was evaluated using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tests. It was observed that the concentrations of the leached elements were well below the regulatory limits prescribed by the US, EPA. Henceforth, it can be concluded that the use of copper slag as a load-bearing filling material not only prevents the disposal of this waste into valuable land but also works as a sustainable alternative to prevalent ground improvement methods.
KEYWORDS Industrial wastes Copper slag Waste tire chips Model footing tests Eccentric inclined loading Leaching studies
1. Introduction The amount and type of waste materials have increased significantly all across the globe following the growth in population. Most of the waste materials are non-decaying in nature resulting in a problem of accumulation or effective disposal and hence contributing to environmental damage. The construction industry has found a solution to minimize this damage by utilizing these waste materials either as concrete constituents or as a soil reinforcement to enhance their respective characteristics. These wastes (but not limited to) include the application of ceramic tiles derived wastes for geoengineering and concrete applications (Elci, 2016; Al bared et al., 2018a, 2018b, 2018c; Al bared et al., 2019a, 2019b), tire-derived wastes (Bravo and Brito, 2012), granite waste
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