Seismic settlement of a strip foundation resting on a dry sand
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Seismic settlement of a strip foundation resting on a dry sand Saif Alzabeebee1 Received: 10 January 2019 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Seismic settlement of shallow foundations constructed in seismic active areas should be considered for a reasonable estimation of the total settlement. However, the trend of the seismic settlement of shallow foundation constructed on a sandy soil is not clearly understood and it is estimated by designer using simple analytical methods. These methods do not consider the effect of the soil–structure interaction. This research, therefore, reports the results of 105 robust finite element models developed to investigate the seismic settlement of a shallow foundation constructed on a dry sand. The influence of the load applied on the foundation, relative density of sand, foundation embedment, peak ground acceleration of the earthquake shake, thickness of the sandy soil, and the dominant frequency of the earthquake shake have been examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the parameters influencing the seismic settlement. The results of the analyses showed that increasing the load applied on the foundation or the peak ground acceleration remarkably increases the seismic settlement, while increasing the embedment depth remarkably reduces the seismic settlement. In addition, the relationship between the thickness of the sandy layer and the seismic settlement is found to be very complex and noticeably influenced by the relative density of the sand. More importantly, it was found that the seismic settlement dramatically increases when the dominant frequency of the earthquake approaches the natural frequency of the system. Thus, all these parameters are important and should be considered by designers for a reasonable estimation of the seismic settlement. The conclusions drawn from this paper will aid the development of a good analytical method in future, and the results reported in this paper also provide useful and novel database to designers and practitioners. Keywords Finite element analysis · Earthquake · Strip foundation · Foundation embedment · Seismic settlement
* Saif Alzabeebee [email protected] 1
Department of Roads and Transport Engineering, College of Engineering, University of AlQadisiyah, Al‑Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Natural Hazards
1 Introduction Foundation constructed in seismic active areas is prone to additional settlement induced by earthquake shake; this type of settlement is called the seismic settlement. This seismic settlement should be robustly calculated to enable a reasonable estimation of the total settlement in the routine design of shallow foundations. However, the available analytical methods to calculate the seismic settlement of dry sand (Tokimatsu and Seed 1987 method and Pradel 1998 method) do not consider the effect of the load applied on the foundation. Thus, these methods cannot be used to understand or calculate the seismic settlement of foundation constructed on a dry sandy soil.
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