Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) among high school adolescent
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) among high school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria Abiodun O. Adewuya1,2 · Eniola O. Oladipo2 Received: 27 April 2019 / Accepted: 13 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract To plan effective school-based adolescent suicide prevention strategies, there is need for valid epidemiology data. The aim of this study was to estimate the current (1 month) prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) amongst secondary school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 9441 adolescents (4684 males and 4757 females) with mean age 15.61 years (SD 1.49) recruited from 47 public senior secondary schools self-completed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, family, school, physical health, and mental health-related variables. Suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) in the past 1 month were also assessed. The weighted 1-month prevalence for suicidal ideation was 6.1% (95% CI 5.5–6.7), suicidal planning was 4.4% (95% CI 3.8–4.9), and suicidal attempt was 2.8% (95% CI 2.4–3.2). The factors significantly associated with suicidal behaviours included being female, not staying with the mother, maternal drinking, witnessing domestic violence, past and present academic difficulties, having no close friend in school and having problems relating with peers and teachers. Also, presence of chronic physical illnesses, depression, anxiety, behavioural disorders, and psychotic-like experiences were associated with adolescent suicidal behaviour. We have shown that a substantial percentage of adolescent have suicidal behaviours, and that there were demographic, family, school, physical health, and psychological health-related factors. We believe that our findings will be important when planning suicide prevention services that could be incorporated into the school mental health services Keywords Suicidal behaviour · Adolescents · School · Prevalence · Associations · Survey · Nigeria
Introduction It is estimated that nearly a million people die by suicide every year [1]. Suicide among children and young people is specifically a major global concern for many reasons. Early adolescence to young adulthood witnesses the biggest increase in number of suicide deaths throughout lifespan [1]. Also, whereas suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in all age groups globally, it is the second leading cause of death for adolescents worldwide [1, 2]. Moreover, many who had suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt in their lifetime did * Abiodun O. Adewuya [email protected] 1
Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Centre for Mental Health Research and Initiative (CEMHRI), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
2
so during their period of adolescent to young adulthood [3]. Although suicide is preventable, 79% of suicides occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) whe
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