Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among the University Students in Bangladesh: A Single-Site Surv
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Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among the University Students in Bangladesh: A Single-Site Survey Mohammed A. Mamun 1,2 & Istihak Rayhan 3 & Khaleda Akter 4 & Mark D. Griffiths 5 Accepted: 19 September 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract
Recently, suicide among Bangladeshi university students has become a serious problem. However, to date, there have been no studies assessing suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi students. Therefore, the present study investigated suicidal ideation (SI) and its risk factors among this population. A classroom-based convenience sampling method was utilized to survey 665 students of a university in Bangladesh (67.5% males; aged 21.16 years: SD ± 1.6). In addition to socio-demographic questions, the survey also included the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21. Results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 2.3% in the past 24 h, 4.8% in the past 15 days, 6.9% in the past month, 14.7% in the past year, and 61.1% in the lifetime. The unadjusted regression model showed that being divorced (or separated) from a partner (OR = 4.486, 95% CI = 1.972–10.207, p < 0.0001), Facebook addiction (OR = 1.550, 95% CI = 1.006–2.388, p = 0.047), depression (OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.677–4.211, p < 0.0001), anxiety (OR = 2.649, 95% CI = 1.624–4.320, p < 0.0001), and stress (OR = 2.626, 95% CI = 1.673– 4.122, p < 0.0001) were the risk factors of past-year SI. Compared with global prevalence rates, the present study reported higher levels of SI prevalence. Therefore, supportive suicide prevention programs are needed to tackle SI and alongside comorbid psychopathology. Keywords Suicidal ideation . Psychopathology . Facebook addiction . Depression . Anxiety . Stress . Bangladeshi students Suicidal behaviors are complex life-threatening phenomena that can adversely affect individuals’ health and can have consequences for the emotional state of families and the community (Eaton et al. 2011). Suicidal phenomena can comprise various degrees and types of suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and actual suicide occurrences (Klonsky et al. 2016). The
* Mark D. Griffiths [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
relationship between these phenomena and vulnerable populations is of great relevance to clinicians in their attempts to identify those at highest risk of suicide (Bebbington et al. 2010; Klonsky et al. 2016). Suicide and suicidal behaviors are closely related and the associated risk factors can be divided into two major groups (i.e., distal [predisposing] factors and proximal [precipitating] factors) (Blasco et al. 2019; Klonsky et al. 2016). Proximal risk factors are those factors that have a direct contributing role in suicidality such as hopelessness, depression, impaired memory specificity, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, stress-related diso
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