Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in health club users in the presence vs absence of eating disorder
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in health club users in the presence vs absence of eating disorder symptomology Mike Trott1 · James Johnstone1 · Joe Firth2,3,4 · Igor Grabovac5 · Daragh McDermott6 · Lee Smith1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has been consistently linked with eating disorders, however studies that stratify associations between BDD in subjects with and without eating disorder symptomology are sparse. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to assess correlates of BDD (including social media use, motivations for exercise, exercise addiction, and sexuality) stratified by eating disorder symptomology. Methods Cross-sectional study of 1665 health club users recruited online completed a battery of surveys. BDD prevalence rates were calculated and logistic regression models were created in two sub-samples: indicated or no-indicated eating disorder symptomology. Results The key findings showed the prevalence of BDD in participants with indicated-eating disorder symptomology was significantly higher than in participants without indicated-eating disorder symptomology, yielding an odds ratio of 12.23. Furthermore, several correlates were associated with BDD only participants with an absence of eating disorder symptomology (gender, BMI, exercise addiction, exercising for mood improvement, attractiveness and tone), with others being significantly associated with BDD in participants in the presence of indicated eating disorders symptomology (exercising for health and enjoyment, relationship status, and ethnicity). Conclusions This study provides more evidence of the complex relationship that exists between BDD and eating disorders. Furthermore, it is recommended that practitioners working with BDD subjects should screen for eating disorders due to the high morbidity associated with eating disorders. Level of evidence Level III: case-control analytic study. Keywords Eating disorders · Body dysmorphic disorder · Social media · Sexuality · Exercise addiction · Exercise motivation
* Mike Trott [email protected] 1
Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Compass House, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
2
Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
3
NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
4
Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
5
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
6
School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
Introduction Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is the ‘preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others’ [1], causing high levels of stress and anxiety that can reduce quality of life and increase pr
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