Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Medical Residents in Western Saudi Arabia
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Prevalence and Predictors of Depression Among Medical Residents in Western Saudi Arabia Abdullah Alshardi1 · Fayssal Farahat2,3
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract There is evidence of a higher depression rate among resident physicians compared to the general population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and assess its severity and predictors among physician residents in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). This study included 149 medical residents. More than half (53%) were female and 43% were married. A diagnosis of depression (mild to severe) was identified in 75.8% of the participants (mild in 35.6%, moderate in 34.2%, and severe depression in 6.0%). Residents in surgery and emergency programs were at an increased risk for moderate-to-severe depression (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.13, 5.98; OR 4.90, 95% CI 1.08, 22.20; respectively). Mental health programs for resident physicians would facilitate the early detection of depression and mental disorders. However, adequate mentoring, managing workloads, and social off-duty activities are always vital. Keywords Depression · Medical residents · Prevalence
Background Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide in terms of total years lost due to disability (DALYs) (WHO, 2017). According to the World Mental Health Survey conducted in 17 countries, about 1 in 20 people reported having an episode of depression in the previous year (Marcus, Yasamy, van Ommeren, & Chisholm, 2012). Depression is a common mental health disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration (Marcus et al., 2012).
* Fayssal Farahat [email protected] 1
Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2
Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El‑Kom, Egypt
During medical residency (4–5 years), graduated medical students are exposed to many stressors (Alosaimi, Kazim, Almufleh, Aladwani, & Alsubaie, 2015), including patient care responsibilities and the need to study for their future careers. There is evidence that these stressors are associated with symptoms of depression (Alosaimi et al., 2015; Mata, Ramos, Bansal, Khan, Guille, Di Angelantonio, & Sen, 2015). The prevalence of depression among physician residents varied from 3 to 63% according to the applied methodology and measures (Mata et al., 2015; BuddebergFischer, Klaghofer, & Buddeberg, 2005; Yousuf, Ishaque, & Qidwai, 2011; Al-Maddah, Al-Dabal, & Khalil, 2015). A study among American surgeons reported that 6.3% had suic
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