Prevalence of Ciliate Infection in Ornamental Fish of India
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Proc Zool Soc https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-020-00331-9
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Prevalence of Ciliate Infection in Ornamental Fish of India Gyan Deb Barman1 • Sukanya Chanda1 • Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay1
Received: 31 August 2019 / Revised: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 Ó Zoological Society, Kolkata, India 2020
Abstract The main objective of this study is to understand the relationship between occurrence of ciliate parasite infection, infecting Xiphophorus hellerii with the water temperature fluctuations in different seasons of the year. The communication deals with prevalence of infection of three ciliate ectoparasites under the genus Trichodina, Tripartiella and Trichodinella belonging to the family trichodinidae, infecting this ornamental fish, collected from different fish farms of Nadia and North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal during March 2017 to February 2019. The parasites belonging to the family trichodinidae commonly known as trichodinid ciliates. All trichodinids are bellshaped ciliate ectoparasites and characterized by well developed denticles, adhesive disc and consist unique adoral ciliary spiral, causing respiratory distress to fish. During the study 450 fishes have been examined from Nadia (22.95°N, 88.57°E; 22.92°N, 88.55°E) and North 24 Parganas (22.89°N, 88.42°E) district of West Bengal and the highest ectoparasitic infection was found during postmonsoon season (November to February).The ciliates have been identified following Universally accepted staining method. This study also highlights the correlation of prevalence of parasitic infestation with the mean intensity, abundance and water temperature fluctuations during premonsoon, monsoon and postmonsoon season. Keywords Ciliate parasite Xiphophorus hellerii Prevalence Trichodinidae Post-monsoon
& Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay [email protected] 1
Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
Introduction Ornamental fish farming trade is evoking great interest to the fish farmers all over the India for their playful behavior, peculiar body morphology and attractive coloration. In India mainly in Kolkata and its adjoining regions there is a growing enormous market of ornamental fish. Indian export of ornamental fish is reached 1.6 million US$ in the year 2016 mainly due to this ornamental fish trade (Raja et al. 2019). However, the ornamental fish industry is now facing huge monetary loss owing to both abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors are different physio-chemical parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, pH that ultimately affects the fish health (Majumder et al. 2013). Biotic factors are represented by parasitic invasions. The parasites that severely infect the ornamental fishes are ciliates, myxozoans, helminthes and crustaceans (Smyth 1994). In recent times, diseases in fish have appeared in many farms of West Bengal causing heavy mortality in major carp fry and fingerlings. T
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