Prevalence of Prefrailty and Frailty in South America: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
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PREVALENCE OF PREFRAILTY AND FRAILTY IN SOUTH AMERICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES H.J. COELHO-JUNIOR1,2, E. MARZETTI2,3, A. PICCA3, R. CALVANI3, M. CESARI4,5, M.C. UCHIDA1 1. Applied Kinesiology Laboratory–LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; 2. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rome, Italy; 3. Center for Geriatric Medicine (Ce.M.I.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy; 4. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; 5. Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Corresponding author: Hélio J. Coelho-Junior, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario «Agostino Gemelli» IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. L.go F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy. Tel.: +39 (06) 3015-5559. Fax: +39 (06) 3051-911, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of prefrailty and frailty in South American older adults according to the setting and region. Design: A literature search combining the terms “frailty”, “South America” or a specific country name was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Scielo to retrieve articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish on or before August 2019. Participants: Older adults aged 60+ years from any setting classified as frail according to a validated scale were included in the study. Measurements: Frailty assessment by a validated scale. Results: One-hundred eighteen reports (98 performed from Brazil, seven from Chile, five from Peru, four from Colombia, two from Ecuador, one from Argentina, and one from Venezuela) were included in the study. The mean prevalence of prefrailty in South America was 46.8% (50.7% in older in-patients, 47.6% in the community, and 29.8% in nursing-home residents). The mean prevalence of frailty in South America was 21.7% (55.8% in nursing-home residents, 39.1% in hospitalized older adults, and 23.0% in the community). Conclusions: Prefrailty and frailty are highly prevalent in South American older adults, with rates higher than those reported in Europe and Asia. In the community, almost one-in-two is prefrail and one-in-five is frail, while hospitalized persons and nursing-home residents are more frequently affected. These findings indicate the need for immediate attention to avoid frailty progression toward negative health outcomes. Our findings also highlight the need for specific guidelines for the management of frailty in South America. Key words: Latin America, low-income countries, elderly, sarcopenia, mobility, nursing-home. J Frailty Aging 2020;in press Published online April 29, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2020.22
Introduction
frailty development, such as socioeconomic disadvantages, chronic diseases and disabilities, are highly p
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