Prevalence, overlap, and risk factors for Rome IV functional gastrointestinal disorders among college students in northe
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence, overlap, and risk factors for Rome IV functional gastrointestinal disorders among college students in northern India Omesh Goyal 1 & Sahil Nohria 1 & Armaan Singh Dhaliwal 2 & Prerna Goyal 2 & Ravinder Kumar Soni 3 & Rajoo Singh Chhina 1 & Ajit Sood 1 Received: 13 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2020
Abstract Background/Purpose There is scarcity of data on prevalence, overlap, and risk factors for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) by Rome IV criteria. We evaluated these factors among medical, nursing, and humanities students. Methods Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire (for all FGIDs), Rome III questionnaire (for irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], functional diarrhea [FDr], and functional constipation [FC]), and questionnaires assessing demography, physical activity, anxiety, and depression were used. Results A total of 1309 college students were included (medical 425, nursing 390, humanities 494; mean age 20.5 ± 2.1 years; 36.5% males). Prevalence of Rome IV FGIDs was 26.9% (n = 352), significantly higher among females compared with males (32.3% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.001) and significantly higher among medical (34.4%) and nursing students (29.2%) compared with humanities students (18.6%) (p < 0.05). Most common FGIDs were functional dyspepsia (FD) (15.2%), IBS (6.2%), reflux hypersensitivity (3.5%), FDr (2.9%), FC (2.1%), and unspecified functional bowel disorder (2.1%). FGID overlap was present in 9.3%, most common being FD-IBS overlap (4.4%). With Rome III criteria, prevalence of IBS was higher (9.5%), while that of FDr (0.92%) and of FC (1.3%) were lower. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors for FGIDs were female gender, medical student, non-vegetarian diet, junk food, tea/coffee, poor physical activity, anxiety, and insomnia. Conclusion Rome IV FGIDs were present among one-fourth of college students with preponderance among females and medical students. FD, IBS, and reflux hypersensitivity were the most common FGIDs. Rome IV criteria led to a reduction in IBS prevalence and increase in FDr and FC prevalence. Dietary factors, physical activity, anxiety, and insomnia affected FGID prevalence. Keywords Anxiety . Bloating . Constipation . Diarrhea . Diet . Dyspepsia . Irritable bowel syndrome . Junk food . Medical . Nausea . Non-vegetarian . Physical activity . Reflux hypersensitivity . Vomiting
Introduction Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of disorders classified by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms
* Omesh Goyal [email protected] 1
Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141 001, India
related to any combination of the following: motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota, and altered central nervous system processing [1]. Although FGIDs do not
2
Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141 001, India
3
Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical C
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