Primary Productivity of the Biosphere

The period since World War II, and especially the last decade influenced by the International Biological Program, has seen enormous growth in research on the function of ecosystems. The same period has seen an exponential' rise in environmental problems i

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J. Jacobs Miinchen

O. L. Lange Wiirzburg

J. S. Olson Oak Ridge

W. Wieser Innsbruck

Volume 14

with contributions by

Elgene Box

Institut fiir Physikalische Chemie, KFA, Jiilich; F.R.G., and Curriculum in Ecology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514

John S. Bunt

Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville, Queensland, 4810 Australia

Charles A. S. Hall

Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and Section of Ecology and Systematics Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850

Helmut Lieth Department of Botany University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514

Gene E. Likens

Section of Ecology and Systematics Langmuir Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14850

Peter L. Marks

Section of Ecology and Systematics Langmuir Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14850

Russell Moll

Great Lakes Research Division University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

Peter G. Murphy

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824

Douglas D. Sharp

Department of Botany University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514

David Sharpe

Department of Geography Southern lllinois University at Carbondale Carbondale, lliinois 62901

Dennis Whigham

Department of Biology, Rider College Trenton, New Jersey 08602

Robert H. Whittaker

Section of Ecology and Systematics Langmuir Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14850

Primary Productivity of the

Biosphere edited by Helmut Lieth and Robert H. Whittaker with 67 figures

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

1975

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lieth, Helmut. Primary productivity of the biosphere. (Ecological studies; v. 14) Includes' index. 1. :primary productivity (Biology) I. Whittaker, Robert Harding, 1920joint author. II. Title. III. Series. QH541.3.L5 574 74-26627

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag.

© 1975 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975

Distributed in the British Commonwealth Market by Chapman & Hall Limited, London.

ISBN-13:978-3-642-80915-6 DOl: 10,1007/978-3-642-80913-2

e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-80913-2

Preface

The period since World War II, and especially the last decade influenced by the International Biological Program, has seen enormous growth in research on the function of ecosystems. The same period has seen an exponential' rise in environmental problems including the capacity of the Earth to support man's population. The concern extends to man's effects on the "biosphere"-the film of living organisms on the Earth's surface that supports man. The common theme of ecologic research and environmental concerns is primary productionthe binding of sunlight energy into organic matter by plants that supports all life. Many results from the IBP remain to be synthesized, but enough data are available from that program and other research to