Probabilistic flood inundation mapping for sparsely gauged tropical river
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Probabilistic flood inundation mapping for sparsely gauged tropical river Thameemul Hajaj Peer Kilava Mohamed Iqbal 1 & Kiran Yarrakula 2 Received: 6 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract The present study focuses on the preparation of a flood hazard map for a sparsely gauged tropical river. Nagavali Basin in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha was chosen for conducting the case study because it has only one gauging station and frequency of flood occurrence is very high. To overcome the data scarcity, streamflow data for ungauged site was simulated through HEC-HMS-based distributed hydrological model using gridded precipitation data. The streamflow for various recurrence interval was predicted using the most appropriate statistical distribution. The predicted streamflow was applied as the boundary condition for HEC-RAS-based hydraulic model to prepare a probabilistic flood inundation map. In this research, comprehensive methodology was provided for estimating design flood at a sparsely gauged river. The outcomes of the study can be facilitated in non-structural flood mitigation measures for both society and policymakers. The flood hazard map also supports designing hydraulic structures for sustaining during a major catastrophe. Keywords Nagavali River . Probability . Flood hazard map . Hydrological model . Flood frequency analysis . Hydraulic model
Introduction Natural disaster brings suffering and the heavy toll of death throughout the world. Among all natural disasters, floods are costly and most frequent. Flooding raises the water level in low-lying areas and streams. Flood characteristics can be determined based on the following parameters: depth of water, duration, velocity, recurrence interval, and seasonality (Carrasco et al. 2012). Asia and Africa were extremely concerned by floods compared with other continents. Flood is an inescapable but manageable natural hazard. The flood disasters can be possibly managed by structural and non-structural measures (Erena et al. 2018). A flood hazard map is the supporting element for non-structural control measures (Zhang et al. 2015). The present study aims to prepare flood hazard maps for the different return periods in the Nagavali Responsible Editor: Broder J. Merkel * Kiran Yarrakula [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda 732141, India
River. The present study integrates spatially distributed hydrological model, hydraulic model, and flood frequency model to prepare flood hazard maps. The distributed hydrological model provides spatially distributed streamflow data at various nodes of the river (Hajaj et al. 2019). The hydraulic model simulates the flood plain inundation through the streamflow computation by solving the Saint-Venant equations (Kuiry et al. 2010). The flood frequency model estimates the empirica
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