Probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics that deals with events whose individual outcomes are unpredictable, but whose outcomes on average are predictable. In this chapter we shall describe the rules of probability. We shall apply these rules to specific
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Peter D. Lax Maria Shea Terrell
Calculus With Applications Second Edition
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Series Editors: Sheldon Axler San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA Kenneth Ribet University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Advisory Board: Colin Adams, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA Alejandro Adem, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Ruth Charney, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA Irene M. Gamba, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Roger E. Howe, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA David Jerison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Jeffrey C. Lagarias, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Jill Pipher, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Fadil Santosa, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Amie Wilkinson, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics are generally aimed at third- and fourthyear undergraduate mathematics students at North American universities. These texts strive to provide students and teachers with new perspectives and novel approaches. The books include motivation that guides the reader to an appreciation of interrelations among different aspects of the subject. They feature examples that illustrate key concepts as well as exercises that strengthen understanding.
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/666
Peter D. Lax • Maria Shea Terrell
Calculus With Applications Second Edition
123
Peter D. Lax Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York, NY, USA
Maria Shea Terrell Department of Mathematics Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
ISSN 0172-6056 ISBN 978-1-4614-7945-1 ISBN 978-1-4614-7946-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7946-8 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946572 Mathematics Subject Classification: 00-01 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1976, 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the
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