Probiotics Biology, Genetics and Health Aspects
Probiotic microorganisms have a long history of use, and their health benefits for hosts are well documented. This Microbiology Monographs volume provides an overview of the current knowledge and applications of probiotics. Reviews cover the biology and p
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Series Editor: Alexander Steinbu¨chel Mu¨nster, Germany
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Min-Tze Liong Editor
Probiotics Biology, Genetics and Health Aspects
Editor Associate Professor Dr. Min-Tze Liong School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia [email protected]
Series Editor Professor Dr. Alexander Steinbu¨chel Institut fu¨r Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnology Westfa¨lische Wilhelms-Universita¨t Corrensstr. 3 48149 Mu¨nster Germany [email protected]
ISSN 1862-5576 e-ISSN 1862-5584 ISBN 978-3-642-20837-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-20838-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20838-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932712 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Probiotics have a long history of safe use and have been well-documented for their health benefits on hosts. This volume is a collection of various topics on probiotics, ranging from the microbiological aspects of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic probiotic microorganisms to genetic modifications, maintenance, health benefits and claims, detection, genetic modifications, safety and market trends. The chapter by Daniel O. Otieno discusses prokaryotic probiotics and their classification based on morphology, ability to form spores, method of energy production, nutritional requirements and reaction to the Gram stain. Prokaryotic probiotics are mainly from the genera of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus has 106 validly described species, out of which 56 species have probiotic potential. On the other hand, Bifidobacterium currently has 30 species validly described, with eight having probiotic capabilities. A close study of these microorganisms revealed that probiotic microorganisms are likely to be Gram positive, mostly rod shaped but with fewer spherically shaped ones, nonspore forming and nonflagellated bacteria. The chapter by Sukanta K. Nayak covers the microbiological aspects of eukaryotic probiotics. Several eukaryotic microorganisms have been identified wit
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