Processing and electrochemical properties of CNT reinforced carbon nanofibers prepared by pressurized gyration
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ARTICLE Processing and electrochemical properties of CNT reinforced carbon nanofibers prepared by pressurized gyration Hang Zhao, Xiaowen Wu,a) Jia Liu, Zhaohui Huang, Yan-gai Liu,b) Minghao Fang, and Xin Min Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China (Received 22 August 2018; accepted 4 October 2018)
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as additives to improve their electrochemical properties. In the present work, CNFs were prepared by using pressurized gyration with polyacrylonitrile as the precursor. The microstructure and electrochemical properties of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results showed that the network structure formed in the fiber, and the fiber diameter decreased with the increase of working pressure. The integral area of cyclic voltammetry curve reached the maximum and the charge/discharge time of constant current charge/discharge curve reached the longest in the case of the CNT concentration is 0.50 wt% and working pressure is 0.2 MPa. At the same time, it exhibited the best electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 79 F/g at a current density of 100 mA/g. Compared with the specific capacitance of pure CNFs, the specific capacitance of CNFs with the concentration of CNTs 0.50 wt% increased by about 40%.
I. INTRODUCTION
As a new and efficient energy storage device, supercapacitors have attracted more and more attention.1–4 The selection of its electrode materials is one of the important reasons to limit its popularization. However, nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their large specific surface area and surface effect. Moreover, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have their unique advantages as negative electrode materials, not only for their characteristics of nanomaterials, but also the unique excellent properties, such as lower density, larger specific capacity, unique conductivity, and thermal performance. In the past period of time, study on CNF production and applications becomes a hot topic in both academic and industrial world. The potential applications of nanofibers have also attracted the urgent demand for low-cost and mass production of high quality nanofibers. Gyration, which have been developed very quickly in recent years, were reported to be successful in the production of micro- and nanoscale fibers.5–10 Compared to common electrospinning, the gyration method can avoid the related safety problems because it does not use high-voltage electric field. Besides, the high rotational speed can effectively improve the fiber production rate by
Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.400 J. Mater. Res., 2018
two to three orders of magnitude and reduce the production cost. Moreover, a pressure control device
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