Processing of in situ Al 3 Ti/Al composites by advanced high shear technology: influence of mixing speed
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Processing of in situ Al3Ti/Al composites by advanced high shear technology: influence of mixing speed Yan Zeng 1 & David Himmler 1 & Peter Randelzhofer 1 & Carolin Körner 1,2 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract High shear technology (HST) is an advanced melt stirring technology with the intensive shear effect and allows the production of particle-reinforced Al composites (PAMCs) with a homogeneous particle distribution. In the fabrication process, applying an appropriate mixing strategy to obtain the excellent microstructure and properties is crucial. In this work, Al3Ti/Al composites with different Al3Ti volume fractions were fabricated in situ by high shear technology at various mixing speeds. The effect of mixing speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that the reaction rate and Al3Ti particle size increase with the increase of mixing speed. An intermediate mixing speed is appropriate for preparing the Al3Ti/Al composite with a homogeneous distribution of reinforcing particles and low porosity. A lower mixing speed leads to severe particle agglomerations, which deteriorates the ductility of Al3Ti/Al composites. A higher mixing speed results in high porosity within castings resulting from severe air entrainment, which significantly reduces mechanical properties. Young’s modulus improves with increasing the stiff Al3Ti particle content and matches well with the predicted results as well. Tensile and compression strength and hardness are enhanced due to generating the uniform distribution of reinforcing particles and the matrix grain refinement. Keywords Particle-reinforced Al matrix composites . High shear technology . Intermetallic Al3Ti . Mixing speed
1 Introduction Recently, lightweight materials and especially Al alloys are widely applied in automotive and aerospace industries resulting from the strict CO2 emission standard. However, limiting the further application of Al alloys in these areas is not their strength but the limited Young’s modulus. Particlereinforced aluminum matrix composites (PAMCs) have raised much consideration due to their high specific Young’s modulus, strength, and isotropic properties in comparison with fiber-reinforced aluminum composites * Yan Zeng [email protected] 1
Chair of Materials Science and Engineering for Metals (WTM), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
2
Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
[1,2], which make them suitable in the fields where lightweight is desired. For instance, PAMCs have been applied to manufacture driveshafts [3], brake parts (discs and calipers), and aircraft parts [4] in the ground transportation and aerospace areas. Typically, melt stirring is a cost-effective method to prepare PAMCs. However
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