Processing of Low-Grade Chromite Ore for Ferroalloy Production: A Case Study from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Processing of Low-Grade Chromite Ore for Ferroalloy Production: A Case Study from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India Asish Kumar Das1 • Somnath Khaoash1 • Sarada Prasad Das 2 • Birendra Kumar Mohapatra1 • Nilima Dash2 • Saroj Kumar Singh3 Patitapaban Mishra1 • Jayakrushna Mohanty3
•
Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 Ó The Indian Institute of Metals - IIM 2020
Abstract The low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing * 16% Cr2O3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and * 55% of SiO2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence considered as waste. Mineralogical investigation indicates the presence of chromite and quartz as major minerals with minor fuchsite and kaolinite. The beneficiation studies reveal that the product can be enriched to a Cr/Fe ratio of 3.35 and 3.02 by gravity concentration (wet shaking table) and wet high intensity magnetic separation, respectively. Tiny Cr-
& Somnath Khaoash [email protected] Asish Kumar Das [email protected] Sarada Prasad Das [email protected] Birendra Kumar Mohapatra [email protected] Nilima Dash [email protected] Saroj Kumar Singh [email protected] Patitapaban Mishra [email protected] Jayakrushna Mohanty [email protected] 1
Department of Geology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha 753003, India
2
Department of Mineral Processing, CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Material Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
3
CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Material Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
grains within quartz and fine silica dusts within chromite inhibit liberation of chromite resulting in poor response to physical beneficiation. As an alternative, processing of ore through pyro-metallurgical route was evaluated. Chromite fines mixed with carbon and lime in the form of pellets/granules was charged to a plasma reactor. In about ten minutes, the metal globules/prills were separated from the slag in 1:6 ratio. The metal, examined through XRD and optical microscope, was found to be ferrochrome alloy. In situ EDAX analysis indicated the metal to have 61.51% Cr, 26.52% Fe and 13.1% C with minor silica (2.42%), and the slag was composed of Ca2Al2SiO7 which revealed that both metal and slag so obtained could suitably be used in different industries. Keywords Low-grade chromite Tabling WHIMS Smelting Ferrochrome
1 Introduction Chromium is one of the essential raw materials for the production of ferrochrome/charge chrome alloys. World reserves of chromite ore are estimated to be 6500Mt. The total Indian reserve/resources are estimated to be around 344 million tonnes, which accounts for 2.5% of the world reserve [1]. Based on availability of reserve position, metallurgical and refractory grade chromite (lumpy) may be, respectively, classed as adequate and deficient [2]. Metallurgical industries use around 90% of mined ferrochrome-grade chromite ore from which stainless steel industry consumes about 80% in the form of charge chrome or high-carbon ferrochrome [3]. Incr
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