Product Removal Strategy and Fouling Mechanism for Cellulose Hydrolysis in Enzymatic Membrane Reactor
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Product Removal Strategy and Fouling Mechanism for Cellulose Hydrolysis in Enzymatic Membrane Reactor Shin Yuan Lim1 · Nazlee Faisal Ghazali1 Received: 29 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 March 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract One of the critical problems in enzymatic membrane reactor for lignocellulosic biomass conversion is the decline in the performance due to membrane fouling. In this study, cellulose hydrolysis was carried out in an enzymatic membrane reactor with different substrate concentrations (5–20 g/L) and different product removal strategies in order to investigate their effects on the fouling mechanism, membrane performance, and the product yield. The membrane flux decline was less severe in the intermittent product removal at 24 h interval than the product removal at 4 h interval. The cellulose conversion was more than 80% and the productivity of 9.1 g reducing sugar/ g cellulase was achieved. The cellulose conversion decreased from 88.48 to 61.43% with increasing substrate concentration and the flux also declined from 23.92 to 15.15 L/m2 h. The membrane surface roughness increased with increasing substrate concentration, with the highest at 38.50 nm at 20 g/L. The cake formation model was the predominant fouling mechanisms at all substrate concentrations. Our study indicates that the product removal strategies and substrate concentrations have significant impact on the separation process and membrane fouling during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Graphic Abstract Sugars Crossflow Cell UF Membrane Cellulose + Enzymes
Enzymes
Membrane fouling
Keywords Cellulose hydrolysis · Enzymatic membrane reactor · Product removal strategy · Fouling mechanisms
Statement of Novelty There is a considerable interest in the production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass because of global waste problem and fossil fuel depletion. In this study, the effect of different product removal strategies and substrate concentrations on the performance and the fouling behaviour * Nazlee Faisal Ghazali [email protected] 1
during enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis in membrane reactor were evaluated. Fundamental understanding of membrane fouling is critical to the successful development of enzymatic membrane reactor, as it can significantly can influence the performance of the membrane and also the bioconversion of cellulose to sugar. To the best of our knowledge, no one has investigated the influence of product removal strategies and substrate concentrations on the membrane fouling and performance in enzymatic membrane reactor.
Department of Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Introduction Due to concerns for fossil fuel depletion and environmental sustainability, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for chemical and energy production has received considerable attention. Agricultural crops and forestry waste such as saw mill, oil palm biomass,
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