Production and characterization of Al-Cu and Al-Ni nanoparticles
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Production and characterization of Al-Cu and Al-Ni nanoparticles Alexander Vorozhtsov1,3, Marat Lerner2,4, Nikolay Radkevich2,4, Sergey Bondarchuk1,3 Dongsheng Wen5
1
Institute for Problems in Chemical and Energetic Technologies, SB RAS Institute of Physics Strength and Material Science, SB RAS 3 National Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 4 National Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia 2
5
School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
ABSTRACT The present work deals with the production and characterization of metal and bimetallic nanopowders. The electric explosion wire method for production of metal nanopowders is presented. The method enables to produce both metal and bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNP) with controlled content of metals within one particle. An alternative method to obtain bimetallic nanoparticles is also suggested using a spontaneous electrochemical process from salt solutions. BMNP for both Al-Cu and Al-Ni have been prepared and studied. The oxidation, ignition and thermal reactivity of the BMNP of Al-Cu and Al-Ni in a simultaneous thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments have been carried out. The microstructure has been characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The phase compositions of the reaction products have been investigated with X-ray diffraction. By comparing the peak temperature of the first exothermic reaction in DSC and the phase transition temperatures in the respective binary systems, it has been found that for Al-Cu BMNP the melting of an alloy played a pivotal role for the early ignition reaction. The comparison of the reactivity of BMNP with that of aluminum nanoparticles has shown a greater reactivity of BMNP Al-Cu and Al-Ni.
INTRODUCTION Metal powders are widely used in High Energy Materials and Systems (HEMS) such as propellants, explosives, thermites, etc. To improve the performance of HEMS the use of metal powders with particles of reduced size is essential necessity [1-3]. Common metal used in HEMS compositions is aluminum. The choice of aluminum for such application is made because of its high reaction enthalpy, high energy density, low cost, nontoxic nature. Important factor for the choice is availability of technologies for the manufacturing the aluminum powders both of micron size and submicron size. Submicron size powders are usually called nanopowders. Submicron size of metal particles is responsible for the change of thermal properties of nanopowders [4, 5]. Aluminum nanopowders (ANP) are characterized with increased thermal reactivity and low ignition temperatures. The data published have demonstrated that ANP as well as other metal nanopowders when introduced into explosives and pyrotechnic compositions result in increased burning rate and enhanced detonation properties [6-8]. The thermal reactivity of pure aluminum can be improved by alloying with another metal such as Cu, Ni, Mg, Li, Zr, etc. The workers have showed t
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