Production of nanoparticles from natural hydroxylapatite by laser ablation
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Production of nanoparticles from natural hydroxylapatite by laser ablation Mohamed Boutinguiza*†, Rafael Comesaña†, Fernando Lusquiños†, Antonio Riveiro† and Juan Pou†
Abstract Laser ablation of solids in liquids technique has been used to obtain colloidal nanoparticles from biological hydroxylapatite using pulsed as well as a continuous wave (CW) laser. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed the formation of spherical particles with size distribution ranging from few nanometers to hundred nanometers and irregular submicronic particles. High resolution TEM showed that particles obtained by the use of pulsed laser were crystalline, while those obtained by the use of CW laser were amorphous. The shape and size of particles are consistent with the explosive ejection as formation mechanism. Introduction Nanoparticles represent an important object of investigation in the field of biomaterials due to the new properties and functionalities obtainable when operating at nanoscale [1-3]. Calcium phosphate compounds in particular are getting special attention as biomaterials due their characteristics to induce bone-integration and to anchor rigidly prostheses or implants to the bone [4]. Among them hydroxylapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, has a special importance because of its similarities with the mineral constituents of bones and teeth, where this material is present as nanometric particles with a platelet shape [5] giving them their physiochemical properties. On the other hand, it has been reported that the use of b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP), Ca3(PO4)2 in nanosize scale and low crystallinity improves the bioactivity [6,7]. There are different and diverse techniques for producing calcium phosphate nanoparticles, such as aqueous solutions [8], the templating technique to achieve nanoporous hydroxylapatite structure [9], or the microwave irradiation to synthesize hydroxylapatite nanostructures [10], etc. In this work, we report the results of calcium phosphate nanoparticles obtained from calcined fish bones using laser ablation in de-ionized water. This technique offers some advantages: direct formation of nanoparticles in solutions, the absence of contamination, all
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Contributed equally Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 9, Vigo 36310, Spain
particles are collected, easiness of preparation, low costs of processing, etc. In previous works, we obtained calcium phosphate micro and nanoparticles from fish bones by laser ablation in ambient conditions [11] and laser-induced fracture [12]. In the present study, we report the production of b-TCP and HA nanoparticles from a natural source such as calcined fish bones.
Experimental procedure The powder used as starting material was obtained from fish bones according to the following procedure. The fish bones were boiled in water for 1 h and washed using a strong water jet to eliminate the fish meat. The washed fish bones were then dried and heated in air at 950°C for
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