Laser ablation synthesis and optical properties of copper nanoparticles
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Kamyar Shameli Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Ghazaleh Mamdoohi Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Center (WiPNet), Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Mohod Maarof Moksin Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Mohod Adzir Mahdi Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Center (WiPNet), Faculty of Engineering, University, Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia (Received 21 February 2013; accepted 13 August 2013)
Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) were prepared in virgin coconut oil (VCO) using a laser ablation technique. A copper plate immersed in VCO was irradiated by an Nd:YAG laser at wave lengths of 532 nm for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. By increasing the ablation time from 5 to 30 min, the particle size inside the nanofluid decreased from 11 to 4 nm and the concentration, refractive index, and the volume fraction of copper nanofluid increased. The Cu-NPs were capped with oxygen from hydroxyl groups of the VCO, as verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The refractive indices, obtained by analysis of the surface plasmon resonance signals increased from 1.44371 1 0.0034i to 1.44387 1 0.0142i, and special self-phase modulation due to nonlinearity effect was investigated. I. INTRODUCTION
The synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is the subject of intense research because the NPs exhibit particular properties that are useful in several technological fields.1–7 Cu-NPs are very functional for use with conductive coatings, lubricants, sintering additives,8 and biosensors.9 The Cu-NPs are anti-inflammatory,10 reduce gastrointestinal mucosa,11 antioxidative,12 antiulcer,13 and are useful in preventing skin photosensitivity.14 The Cu-NPs strongly absorb light beams in the visible region (about 600 nm), arising from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Recently, the application of vegetable oils such as palm oil,15 coconut oil,16 and castor oil 17 for dispersing the nanoparticles was considered for the preparation of nanometals.18 These natural compounds contain triglycerides and nonpolar long carbon chains19 that prevent NP agglomeration through steric repulsion.16 VCO is extracted from fresh coconut. This oil is derived without heating, bleaching, refining, and deodorizing.20 VCO has the saturated fat acid that contains predominantly medium-chain triglycerides.20–22 a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2013.244 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 28, No. 18, Sep 28, 2013
http://journals.cambridge.org
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Many methods, such as solution phase,23 photochemical, 24–26 sonochemical,27 electrochemical synthesis methods,28 and dc-magnetron sputtering,29 are used for synthesis of Cu-NPs. These methods are based on the reduction of metal ions. Laser ablation8,19,30 is a green method for fabrication of the NPs based on ablation of metal plates. In the literature, the preparation of
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