Productivity and Economics of Inoculated Common Bean as Affected by Nitrogen Application at Different Phenological Phase
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Productivity and Economics of Inoculated Common Bean as Affected by Nitrogen Application at Different Phenological Phases Marco Antonio de Sousa 1 & Matheus Messias de Oliveira 1 & Virgínia Damin 1 & Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira 2 Received: 17 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 April 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Nitrogen fertilizers are widely used on the cultivation of common bean in Brazil, affecting the production cost and the environment. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) can reduce the negative impacts related to N supply. This work aimed to evaluate the agroeconomic response of the inoculated common to N-fertilizer topdressing at different phenological phases of the common bean. N-fertilizer in a total of 90 kg ha−1 was applied in the form of urea at 3 phases: planting (P), phenological phase V4 (V4), and phenological phase R5 (R5) of the common bean, in two field experiments. The used treatments were P0V40R50, P0V445R545, P0V490R50, P0V40R590, P30V430R530, P30V460R50, P30V40R560, P60V430R50, P60V40R530, and P90V40R50. All treatments were inoculated with peat inoculum containing the commercial strain SEMIA 4077 (Rhizobium tropici). The number of nodules (NN), nodule dry mass (NDM), leaf area index (LAI), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), grain yield (GY), production cost (PC), gross revenue (GR), net revenue (NR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were determined. N-fertilizer splitting at any dose and phenological phase decreased NN and NDM. N-fertilizer treatments provided higher LAI and SDM compared with the inoculated treatment (P0V40R50). Inoculated treatment presented higher GY and lower PC, resulting in greater NR and BCR. Inoculation with Rhizobium tropici provided high nodulation to the common bean and increased its GY in 10.2% as compared with N-fertilization, which allowed a 15.8% and 7.8% higher NR and BCR, respectively, than the N-fertilized treatment. Keywords Urea . Biological nitrogen fixation . Inoculant . Phaseolus vulgaris L
1 Introduction In Brazil, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can be grown in three harvesting times along the year, commonly known as water, drought, and winter cropping seasons. The winter cropping is predominantly conducted in central Brazil, covering the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Distrito Federal. It occurs between May and September, the dry season, requiring the use of irrigation (Stone et al. 2013). Approximately 200 thousand hectares are cultivated with common bean in this cropping season, with an average
* Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira [email protected] 1
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n., Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
2
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijão, Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, GO-462, km 12, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás CEP 75.375-000, Brazil
yield of 1334 kg ha−1, in which the state of Goiás stands out with a productivity of 2889 kg ha−1 (CONAB 2018
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