Promising nanocomposite materials based on renewable plant resources
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ISING NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON RENEWABLE PLANT RESOURCES
D. V. Onishchenko,1 V. P. Reva,1 V. V. Chakov,2 V. G. Kuryavyi,3 and V. V. Petrov4
UDC 541.136+546.34+541.18.053
Two types of operational composite are formed, i.e., amorphous carbon + nanodispersed silicon, and nanofiber carbon + nanodispersed tungsten from plant and mineral resources of sphagnum moss, field horsetail, and scheelite. The prospects for using these composite systems as anodic electrodes of lithiumpolymer batteries are demonstrated. Keywords: operational nanocomposite systems, plant and mineral resources, sphagnum moss, nanodispersed tungsten and silicon, mechanochemical activation, lithium-polymer battery.
A number of researchers [1–8] have repeatedly noted that plant and mineral resources: waste from agricultural cultures, wood processing, sphagnum forms of moss and turf, and rocks, serve as valuable raw materials for biochemical and metallurgical industries with creation of operational materials, in particular nanocomposite systems. As a rule, industrial processing of plant and mineral raw materials is accomplished by means of such processes as hydrolysis, pyrolysis, or extraction and chemical modification of raw material [1–10]. In continuation of our systematic research for creating functional composite materials from renewable plant and mineral raw materials [10, 11] with specific conditions during formation of nanocomposite systems, the methods used were pyrolytic and mechanochemical treatment, since with use of these treatment methods a set of effects is realized on which the characteristics of the final product depend. The choice of sphagnum moss, field horsetail, and scheelite for preparing functional nanocomposite systems is based on the following factors: sphagnum moss, as noted previously [2, 8], during pyrolysis gives a high yield of pure carbon, a basic component for forming a supporting matrix for anodic composite systems of lithium-ion (polymer) batteries; field horsetail ash contains up to 96% silicon dioxide, i.e, a substance from which nanodispersed silicon is prepared, serving as a filler for a carbon matrix [9]; scheelite is a raw material for obtaining tungsten anhydride (WO3) from which pure tungsten is obtained by mechanochemical reduction [10, 11]. From data of [12, 13], it is well known that the use of nanosize silicon and tungsten powders as a filler (active phase) in anodic composite materials makes it possible to increase specific capacitance and reduce anodic electrode expansion coefficient of a lithium-ion (polymer) battery. Proceeding from this, the aim of the work was formation of functional nanocomposite systems: amorphous carbon + nanodispersed silicon and nanofiber carbon + nanodispersed tungsten for their application as a supporting matrix using a 1
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]. 3 Institute
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