Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative mult
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree Dieter Wächter 1 & Andreas Melzer 2 Received: 2 October 2019 / Revised: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The family Psathyrellaceae was analysed using phylogenetic and morphological characters. A total of 18,133 sequences (ITS, 5.8S, LSU, ef-1α, β-tubulin), with 45 newly generated, were evaluated from a wide geographic sampling. Special attention was given to the alignment procedures and an iterative multigene guide tree was used to achieve the best possible phylogenetic hypotheses. A new generic system is proposed, which includes the known genera Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, Cystoagaricus, Homophron, Hormographiella, Kauffmania, Lacrymaria, Parasola, Psathyrella and Typhrasa. Six new, monophyletic genera are recognized, viz. Candolleomyces, Britzelmayria, Narcissea, Olotia, Punjabia and Tulosesus, and the corresponding new combinations are proposed. Galerella floriformis is shown to belong to the Psathyrellaceae and the new genus Hausknechtia is erected for it. Psathyrella is subdivided into 18 sections (sections Noli-tangere, Saponaceae, Stridvalliorum, Arenosae, Confusae, Sublatisporae, Sinefibularum are new), and sections Pennatae, Pygmaeae and Pseudostropharia are emended. Coprinellus is divided into nine sections (Disseminati, Aureogranulati, Curti, Hepthemeri and Deminuti are new), and 20 sections are proposed for Coprinopsis (Cinereae, Filamentiferae, Melanthinae, Alopeciae, Xenobiae, Phlyctidosporae, Krieglsteinerorum, Erythrocephalae, Geesteranorum, Mitraesporae, Radiatae, Subniveae and Canocipes are new). And lastly, Parasola is divided into sections Parasola and Conopileae. Many problematic species groups still need revision. A key to the genera based on morphological characters is included. Keywords Psathyrellaceae . Systematics . Molecular phylogenetics . Iterative multigene guide tree alignment . Indel coding
Introduction When the work of Hopple et al. (1999) and especially Redhead et al. (2001) was published at the dawn of the new millennium, it became apparent that molecular biology techniques would profoundly alter the classical systematics of many dark-spored agarics. Until that time, morphological features were the sole basis for determining family relationships, Section Editor: Zhu-Liang Yang Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01606-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Andreas Melzer
1
Thiersheim, Germany
2
Wiedemar, Germany
as in Smith (1972), Romagnesi (1944, 1982), Kühner and Romagnesi (1953), Orton and Watling (1979), Kits van Waveren (1985), Singer (1986), Citérin (1992, 1994) and other authors. However, the traditional way of working had limits, such as when certain features (e.g. rough spores, a grainy veil, and so on) a
