On the phylogenetic position of the palaeopteran Syntonopteroidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera), with a new species from the
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
On the phylogenetic position of the palaeopteran Syntonopteroidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera), with a new species from the Upper Carboniferous of England Jakub Prokop & André Nel & Andrew Tenny
Received: 15 July 2009 / Accepted: 30 March 2010 / Published online: 8 June 2010 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2010
Abstract A new syntonopterid, Anglolithoneura magnifica gen. et sp. n., is described from a siderite concretion (nodule) from the Late Carboniferous (Langsettian) of Lancashire County (UK). The new genus is diagnosed on hind wing venation and compared with other syntonopterid genera. The new species is the first syntonopterid formally described from the Late Carboniferous of Europe. The systematic positions of other potential Syntonopteroidea (Miracopteron mirabile, Bojophlebia prokopi, and specimens described in 1985 by J. Kukalová-Peck from Obora in the Czech Republic) are reconsidered. Wing venation synapomorphies are proposed for the Syntonopteroidea (sensu novo), and for a potential clade ((Ephemeroptera+ Syntonopteroidea)+Odonatoptera) separated from the Palaeodictyopterida. The close relations of the new species with Lithoneura lameerei Carpenter, 1938 from Mazon Creek (Illinois, USA) provide additional support for a Euramerican connection during the Late Carboniferous.
J. Prokop (*) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] A. Nel CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, Entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France e-mail: [email protected] A. Tenny 6 Kay Street, Smithy Bridge, Littleborough, Lancashire OL14 5TD, UK e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Palaeoptera . Syntonopteroidea . Palaeodictyopterida . Wing venation pattern . Late Paleozoic . Langsettian
Introduction The small family Syntonopteridae Handlirsch, 1911 presently includes the two Paleozoic genera Syntonoptera Handlirsch, 1911 and Lithoneura Carpenter, 1938. It is a crucial group for the resolution of phylogenetic relationships among the palaeopteran taxa Ephemeroptera, Palaeodictyopterida, and Odonatoptera, as well as more generally for Palaeoptera and Neoptera (Grimaldi and Engel 2005; Kukalová-Peck 1985; Willmann 1999). The Palaeoptera were erected as a taxon by Martynov (1924), but since then their monophyly has been debated, based on morphological or molecular datasets and various analyses (Beutel and Gorb 2006; Boudreaux 1979; Haas and Kukalová-Peck 2001; Hennig 1981; Klass 2007, 2009; Kristensen 1991, 1995; Kukalová-Peck 1991; Terry and Whiting 2005; Wheeler 1989; Wheeler et al. 2001). The recent works by Hovmöller et al. (2002) and Ogden and Whiting (2003), both attempting to solve the ‘Palaeoptera problem’, provided conflicting results. Contributions by Kjer (2004), Kjer et al. (2006), and Whitfield and Kjer (2008), dealing with higher insect phylogeny based on different analyses of mainly molecular datasets, provided support for monophyly of Palaeoptera to a varied extent. In conclusio
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