Prospects for the Development of Catalysts for the Oxidation Processes of Advanced Propylene Processing
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TALYSIS IN CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Prospects for the Development of Catalysts for the Oxidation Processes of Advanced Propylene Processing L. G. Pinaevaa, * and A. S. Noskova aBoreskov
Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received August 20, 2019; revised October 15, 2019; accepted October 16, 2019
Abstract—An analysis is performed for the literature data on catalysts used in industrial processes of the conversion of propylene to the most widely used oxygen-containing products: propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, acrolein, and n- and iso-butyraldehydes. The main trends and the prospects for their development are identified. Catalytic systems for promising processes of synthesizing the above products using less expensive propane or alternative oxidants are also considered, and the similarity between their characteristics and values suitable for embarking on their commercialization is determined. Keywords: propylene, catalysts, oxidation, propylene oxide, butanals, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid DOI: 10.1134/S2070050420030095
INTRODUCTION Next to ethylene, propylene is the most widely produced basic product of the petrochemical industry. The global production of propylene in 2010–2015 grew at a rate of 2.3% per year and reached approximately 110 million tons in 2015 [1]. It was estimated in [2] that the growth rate in the next 10–15 years would increase to 4–4.5% per year and the global production of propylene in 2030 would be 180 million tons. Around the world, propylene is produced mainly via the steam pyrolysis of different hydrocarbon feedstocks and the catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil. Along with the growth of these processes, in which propylene is a byproduct, technologies of its synthesis as the desired product are being developed. According to different estimates, the contribution from such processes to global production was 13–15% in 2014 [2, 3] and could reach 20–30% by 2024 [3, 4]. One of the most efficient ways of synthesizing propylene as the desired product is the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane [1], which is performed in industry using the OleflexTM (UOP) and CATOFIN® (Lummus Technology) technologies. The production of propylene in Russia in 2017 and 2018 (around 2 million tons) remained virtually constant. About 60% of this propylene was synthesized via the steam pyrolysis of propane; about 25%, via the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane using the Oleflex (UOP) technology from PAO SIBUR Holding; and the rest, by separating propylene from the products of catalytic cracking. The estimated [2] increase in production to around 4 million tons by 2024 will be largely due to the launching of new pyrolysis capacities.
In 2014, 64% of the total amount of the propylene produced worldwide was used in the production of polypropylene. Other products are listed below in decreasing order of shares [2] (Fig. 1): ● propylene oxide, which is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyeste
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