Prospects of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Geomagnetic Surveys
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pects of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Geomagnetic Surveys I. M. Aleshina, b, *, A. A. Solovieva, b, M. I. Aleshina, R. V. Sidorovb, E. N. Solovievaa, b, and K. I. Kholodkovb aSchmidt
Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123242 Russia b Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119296 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract—An overview of applications of geomagnetic data for practical purposes is presented. Many of them involve models of the Earth’s main magnetic field and spatial distribution of anomalous magnetization of the upper lithosphere as input parameters. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can significantly improve the efficiency of detecting magnetic anomalies. Keywords: UAV, magnetic surveys, magnetometers, geomagnetic anomaliess, navigation, orientation DOI: 10.3103/S0747923920050059
INTRODUCTION This study considers some issues of the practical application of the models of the Earth’s main magnetic field and local geomagnetic anomalies. The study is focused on the issues related to the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Significant progress in increasing the battery capacity and the widespread use of DC brushless motors have significantly reduced the cost of light (up to 3 kg) multirotor platforms, which have made them an economically viable tool for conducting aeromagnetic surveys at low altitudes. Such surveys have advantages both over conventional aerial photography involving manned vehicles and over ground measurements. In the former case, the high speed and flight altitude results in a significant decrease in resolution, and in the latter case, the coverage area and accessibility are much lower. The first part of the article will cover the aspects of using the Earth’s main magnetic field and magnetic anomalies for orientation and navigation. The second part contains an overview of UAV applications for aeromagnetic measurements. Various methods that could improve the quality of the results obtained during UAV aeromagnetic surveys are discussed. OVERVIEW OF PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE EARTH’S MAIN MAGNETIC FIELD MODEL Global models of the Earth’s (main) magnetic field (EMF) were built both for individual epochs and for certain time intervals. In the latter case, the models were constructed for a series of successive eras with the
possibility of interpolation between eras. The first digital model was built in the World Magnetic Survey program, which started in the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958) and lasted 12 years. The data from marine, aeromagnetic, and satellite profiles were collected. Magnetometry is also successfully used in applied geophysics to study various objects and structures. Significant progress has been made over the past decade in the development and operation of airborne geophysical systems for mapping and detecting unexploded ordnances in terrestrial and shallow marine conditions. The aeromagnetometry devices allowing the vertical gradient of the EMF to be measured are most effective. Aeromagnet
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