Protection of PSI and PSII complexes of wheat from toxic effect of anthracene by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Protection of PSI and PSII complexes of wheat from toxic effect of anthracene by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) Lakshmi Jain1 · Anjana Jajoo1 Received: 1 October 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environment indicates a serious problem to the present era. These are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds and pose a potential risk to photosynthetic organisms. The present study illustrates the protection of Photosystem I and Photosystem II complexes of wheat plant by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) from toxic effects of anthracene (ANT). Initially, Chl a fluorescence induction curve measurement revealed declined J–I and I–P phase in ANT-treated plants. Efficiency of light absorption, trapping, and electron transport was reduced in ANTtreated plants, while in ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)-treated plants value of these parameters was restored. Effect of ANT and ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) on energy conversion of Photosystem I and Photosystem II was measured. Quantum yield of Photosystem I (YI) and Photosystem II (YII) was decreased in the presence of ANT, while these values were recovered in ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)-treated plants. Reduction in Y(II) was associated with an increase in non-regulated energy dissipation NO. Likewise the reduction of Y(I) was induced due to donor-side and acceptor-side limitation of Photosystem I caused by toxic effect of ANT. Toxic effects of ANT on electron transport rate (ETRI and ETRII) were found to be reduced in ANT + Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594)-treated plants. Activation of Cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I in ANT-treated plants was recovered by bacteria. It was concluded that toxic effect of ANT on Photosystem I and Photosystem II complexes was recovered by Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) strain, and thus it is useful strain for crop improvement in ANT-polluted soil. Keywords Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) · Wheat · PSII · PSI · Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 5594) · Anthracene Abbreviations ABS Absorption ANT Anthracene Chl Chlorophyll CS Cross section CEF Cyclic electron flow ETRI Electron transport rate of PSI ETRII Electron transport rate of PSII LEF Linear electron flow Pm Maximal changes in P700 signal PSI Photosystem I PSII Photosystem II PAHs Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Y(I) Quantum yield of PSI Y(II) Quantum yield of PSII * Anjana Jajoo [email protected] 1
School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India
Y(NA) Quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation due to acceptor- side limitation Y(ND) Quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation due to donor-side limitation NO Yield of non-regulated energy dissipation NPQ Yield of regulated energy dissipation
Introduction The substantial and widespread use of petroleum products like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has led to serious contamination of environment. They have approximately 100 different varieti
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