Protein interaction and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of newly designed palladium (II) nitrate complexes: spectrochemica
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Protein interaction and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of newly designed palladium (II) nitrate complexes: spectrochemical, theoretical and biological assessments Z. Shams1 · A. Divsalar1 · B. Ghalandari2 · F. Sanginabadi3 · A. A. Saboury4 · H. Mansouri‑Torshizi5 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract The biological assessments of new synthesized palladium (II) complexes [1, 10-phenanthroline hexyl dithiocarbamato palladium (II) nitrate (complex I), and 1, 10-phenanthroline butyl dithiocarbamato palladium (II) nitrate (complex II)] were investigated using in vitro cytotoxicity and molecular interaction studies. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies were done against human cervical HeLa cancer cell line and human breast MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line. The interaction evaluations were done using human hemoglobin (Hb) as the primary target of novel palladium (II) complexes using spectroscopy methods of fluorescence and circular dichroism at various temperatures of 25, 37, 42, and 47 °C as well as molecular docking. The results have indicated complex I and complex II are quite similar in functionality. They induced apoptotic cell death so that they showed a significant growth inhibitory effect against HeLa and MDA-MB-468 cells. The fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking indicated that there is only one binding site for new palladium (II) complexes on Hb. The interaction studies revealed complex I and complex II have the same structural effects and similar binding properties on Hb. Finally, the results showed the newly synthesized palladium (II) complexes have no structural degradation on Hb. Therefore, they can be introduced as promising candidates in cancer treatment. Keywords Palladium (II) complexes · Human hemoglobin · Cytotoxicity · Binding analysis · Molecular docking
Introduction The success of cisplatin as an anticancer drug paid a lot of attention to the design and synthesis of new series metalbased drugs. Hence, the production of metal-based drugs turned into a significant demand in the field of medicinal * A. Divsalar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Khwarizmi University, Tehran, Iran
2
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
3
Department of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
4
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
chemistry [1–4]. Metal-based drugs development is complicated. It is caused by their unfavorable biodistribution and un-clearance pharmacological specificity [5]. However, the initial efforts only were focused on new derivatives of platinum-based drugs [6–8]. Despite considerable achievements in the cancer treatment by various
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