Proton Treatment Delivery Techniques
The chapter describes the various components of the proton treatment delivery techniques. It includes an introduction of the main equipments for a proton treatment systems, e.g., the accelerator, the beam transport system, and the treatment nozzle which m
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Proton Treatment Delivery Techniques Xuanfeng Ding, Haibo Lin, Jiajian Shen, Wei Zou, Katja Langen, and Hsiao-Ming Lu
Contents 2.1 I ntroduction of Proton Treatment Delivery System........................................................ 18 2.2 Treatment Delivery Techniques of Proton Therapy........................................................ 20 2.2.1 Passive-Scattering............................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Pencil Beam Scanning........................................................................................ 24 2.3 Imaging for Proton Beam Therapy................................................................................. 25 2.4 Intra-fractional Motion Management for Proton Therapy.............................................. 28 2.5 Proton Beam Therapy Systems and Specifications......................................................... 30 2.6 Quality Assurance (QA).................................................................................................. 33 2.6.1 System QA.......................................................................................................... 33 2.6.2 Patient-Specific QA (PSQA)............................................................................... 37 2.7 Future Developments...................................................................................................... 42 References................................................................................................................................ 43
X. Ding Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA H. Lin • W. Zou University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA J. Shen Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA K. Langen University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA H.-M. Lu (*) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2018 N. Lee et al. (eds.), Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning for Particle Therapy, Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42478-1_2
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X. Ding et al.
Introduction of Proton Treatment Delivery System
Proton therapy systems include three major components, the accelerator which raises the energy of the proton to a sufficient level, the energy selection and beam transportation system which modifies the proton energy, if necessary, and transports them from the accelerator to the treatment delivery system, and the treatment delivery system which modifies the proton beam characteristics for specific treatment needs. Currently, three types of accelerator, synchrotron, cyclotron, and synchrocyclotron, are commercially available, as discussed in the previous chapter. Protons generated from a cyclotron have a fixed energy, and energy reduction and selection systems are required, as shown in Fig. 2.1a. A synchrotron, on the other hand, can produce protons at any desired energy level. A synchrocyclotron is a special type of cyclotron that is typically used for a compa
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