Psychological eating factors, affect, and ecological momentary assessed diet quality
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Psychological eating factors, affect, and ecological momentary assessed diet quality Amy J. Jeffers1 · Tyler B. Mason2 · Eric G. Benotsch1 Received: 20 September 2018 / Accepted: 1 July 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Purpose Eating behaviors are a contributor to obesity, yet more research is needed examining time varying and time-invariant factors associated with food consumption. Psychological eating factors (e.g., restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger) and affect have been associated with obesity and diet. However, less is known about how psychological eating factors and affect are associated with food consumption assessed in daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among psychological eating factors, affect, and food consumption using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in a non-clinical sample of college students. Method Young adults (N = 30; Mage = 21) completed traditional self-report measures of psychological eating factors and usual dietary intake and EMA measures of food consumption and affect. Results Momentary negative affect was associated with greater sugary beverage consumption, and sugary food consumption in the past 2.5 h was associated with report of higher current negative affect. Susceptibility to hunger, disinhibited and emotional eating, and baseline unhealthy eating were positively related to sugary food consumption. Lower susceptibility to hunger was associated with more sugary beverage intake. Finally, increased aggregate EMA negative affect and positive affect were related to increased fruit consumption, and lower susceptibility to hunger and baseline unhealthy eating were associated with vegetable consumption. Conclusions Results provide support for the role of time varying and invariant factors in predicting eating behaviors in daily life; both may be important to consider in obesity prevention and intervention. Particularly, ecological momentary interventions targeting affective states in individuals’ daily lives may be useful for changing food intake. Level of evidence Level IV, multiple time series. Keywords Eating behaviors · Affect · Ecological momentary assessment · Restraint · Disinhibition · Diet quality
Introduction Obesity and related health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are major public health concerns, and are associated with psychosocial challenges and increased healthcare costs [1–3]. Diet quality is a leading contributing factor to obesity. Research shows that most adults consume too much sugar [4] and too few fruits and vegetables [5], and intake of sugary foods and beverages is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality [4] and * Amy J. Jeffers [email protected] 1
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
2
obesity [6, 7]. Further, sugary food and beverage consumption is associated with lower satiety, increased subjective hunger, and low nutritional quality, which increases energy in
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