Psychological Well-Being Among Internally Displaced Adolescents and the Effect of Psychopathology on PTSD Scores Depends
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Psychological Well‑Being Among Internally Displaced Adolescents and the Effect of Psychopathology on PTSD Scores Depends on Gender Şafak Eray1 · Duygu Murat2 · Halit Necmi Uçar3 · Edip Gönüllü4 Received: 25 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 February 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the post-traumatic symptoms and psychological well-being among internally displaced (ID) adolescents in the early phase of the conflict in the southeast part of Turkey and clarify the effect of psychopathology on PTSD scores depends on gender. With the help of the results of our study, we aimed to enhance our understanding of adolescent mental health. Our study was completed with 102 ID adolescents (42 boys, 60 girls). Our results showed that ID adolescents flee from conflict had significantly higher levels of mental disorders and PTSD. Girls show higher rates of PTSD symptoms than boys and there was no significant interactive effect of gender and emotional, behavioral and peer problems on PTSD. However, boys with ADHD seem to be more prone to develop PTSD than girls. We aimed to highlight the challenges facing adolescents forced to flee from conflict zones who were temporarily relocated. These results may help us to enlighten our understanding of ID adolescents and may suggest more studies to provide beneficial gender-specific intervention program. Keywords Internal displacement · Adolescent · Mental health · Conflict
Introduction Every year, millions of people are forced to leave their homes because of war, violence, or other threats to their safety. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR 2016), 65.3 Mio. people worldwide have been forced to displace from their homes. Among them, nearly 21.3 Mio. refugees, over half of whom are under the age of 18 (UNHCR 2016). A refugee is defined as a displaced person who has been forced to leave his or her country and unable to go home safely. An internally displaced person (IDP) has also been forced to flee his or her home but still remains within the borders of his or her country in * Şafak Eray [email protected] 1
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
2
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Avcılar Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
4
Department of Anesthesia, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
order to avoid violence. IDP is a new status distinguished from that of refugees by not being protected by international laws. IDPs are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee (UNHCR 2016). Individuals are usually displaced in order to reduce the effects of traumatic events. While displacement and relocation provide an immediate escape from the source of trauma, at the same time they create new pr
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