Public attitudes towards screening for kidney cancer: an online survey
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Public attitudes towards screening for kidney cancer: an online survey Laragh L. W. Harvey‑Kelly1, Hannah Harrison2, Sabrina H. Rossi3, Simon J. Griffin2, Grant D. Stewart4 and Juliet A. Usher‑Smith2*
Abstract Background: Kidney cancer is often asymptomatic, leading to proposals for a screening programme. The views of the public towards introducing a new screening programme for kidney cancer are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes towards kidney cancer screening and factors influencing intention to attend a future screen‑ ing programme. Methods: We conducted an online population-based survey of 1021 adults aged 45–77 years. The main outcome measure was intention to attend four possible screening tests (urine, blood, ultrasound scan, low-dose CT) as well as extended low-dose CT scans within lung cancer screening programmes. We used multivariable regression to examine the association between intention and each screening test. Results: Most participants stated that they would be ‘very likely’ or ‘likely’ to undergo each of the screening tests [urine test: n = 961 (94.1%); blood test: n = 922 (90.3%); ultrasound: n = 914 (89.5%); low-dose CT: n = 804 (78.8%); lung CT: n = 962 (95.2%)]. Greater intention to attend was associated with higher general cancer worry and less perceived burden/inconvenience about the screening tests. Less worry about the screening test was also associated with higher intention to attend, but only in those with low general cancer worry (cancer worry scale ≤ 5). Compared with intention to take up screening with a urine test, participants were half as likely to report that they intended to undergo blood [OR 0.56 (0.43–0.73)] or ultrasound [OR 0.50 (0.38–0.67)] testing, and half as likely again to report that they intended to take part in a screening programme featuring a low dose CT scan for kidney cancer screening alone [OR 0.19 (0.14–0.27)]. Conclusion: Participants in this study expressed high levels of intention to accept an invitation to screening for kid‑ ney cancer, both within a kidney cancer specific screening programme and in conjunction with lung cancer screen‑ ing. The choice of screening test is likely to influence uptake. Together these findings support on-going research into kidney cancer screening tests and the potential for combining kidney cancer screening with existing or new screen‑ ing programmes. Keywords: Attitudes, Kidney cancer, Cancer, Screening, Survey
*Correspondence: [email protected] 2 The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Internationally, there is great interest in evaluating the potential for a screening programme for kidney cancer [1–3]. Half of all patients with kidney cancer have asymptomatic disease and up to a quarter of individuals have evidence of metastases at diagnosis [4]. Survival is strongly related to stage at diagnosis [4]. A screen
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