Pulp, Paper and Board

Ph. BOURDEAU, Director, Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development Opening address K. -H. NARJES, Vice-President of the Commission of the European Communities 3 INTRODUCTION Ph. Bourdeau Director Dire

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A seminar organized by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development (Directorate G), under the patronage of Dr Karl-Heinz Narjes, Vice-President of the Commission of the European Communities.

PULP, PAPER AND BOARD

Edited by

I. F. HENDRY Consultant to the Commission of the European Communities and

W. J. H. HANSSENS Commission of the European Communities

ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDON and NEW YORK

ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IGII 8JU, England Sale Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

WITH 54 TABLES AND 72 ILLUSTRATIONS

© ECSC, EEC, EAEC, BRUSSELS AND LUXEMBOURG,

1987

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Pulp, paper and board. 1. Papermaking 2. Paper board 3. Wood-pulp I. Hendry, I. F. II. Hanssens, W. 1. H. 676 TSII05 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7098-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1345-5

e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1345-5

Library of Congress CIP data applied for

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PRE F ACE The scientific and technological results of the research carried out under Research Area V (Pulp, Paper and Board) of the Commission's first research and development programme on "Wood as a Renewable Raw Material" were presented at this seminar by the persons who were directly responsible for the research. The programme was carried out under the responsibi l ity of the Directorate General for Science, Research and Development. It covered all aspects of the wood chain, ran for four years, and terminated on 31 December 1985. Twenty research contracts were placed in this particular section of the programme. The work was carried out by specializ