Bleach Plant Effluents from the Pulp and Paper Industry
This book covers bleach plant effluents- the most polluting effluent from the pulp and paper industry. Some of the consequences of the disposal of bleach effluents into surface waters include- disappearance of benthic invertebrates, a high incidence of fi
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Pratima Bajpai
Bleach Plant Effluents from the Pulp and Paper Industry
13
Pratima Bajpai Thapar Centre for Industrial R&D Patiala Punjab India
ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-00544-7 ISBN 978-3-319-00545-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00545-4 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013939564 © The Author(s) 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The pulp and paper industry is considered to be one of the most polluting in the world. The production process consists of two main steps: pulping and bleaching. These processes are very energy and water intensive. Of the different wastewaters generated by the pulp and paper industry, bleach plant effluents are considered to be the most polluting. Pollutants such as chlorinated phenolics and dioxins are toxic, non-biodegradable, and have a tendency to contaminate food chains through bioaccumulation. Dioxins are known for their extreme toxicity and are believed to be carcinogenic. Bleach effluents are colored. They contain chlorinated and non-chlorinated products of lignin and extractives of wood. Because of the color, productivity of aquatic ecosystems gets af
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