A case study: the relationship between 222 Rn in rainwater and earthquakes according to air masses
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A case study: the relationship between 222Rn in rainwater and earthquakes according to air masses Nurdan Akakçe1,2 · Aysun Uğur Görgün1 · Ercüment Avşar3 Received: 30 October 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The relationship between radon gas and earthquake behavior is widely researched by investigating 222Rn (Radon-222) in air, soil, and water. This study is aimed at proving that 222Rn concentration in rain water and in the movement of rain systems will give an indication of impending earthquakes. The study was conducted in predetermined areas in the west of Anatolia. It is found that 222Rn in rain water was between 0.021 and 0.647 Bq/l for a year in Bornova. Besides, it is shown that the origin of air masses that affect the area are covered in this study and synoptic and climatologic analysis of these air masses as well as thunderstorms and strokes are presented in this study. It is found from the analysis that the information of earthquake is transported by the presence of radon gas with rain water in the predetermined area, approximately a radius of 97 km area. Keywords 222Rn · Rain water · Earthquake · Rain systems
Introduction 222
Rn is a natural radionuclide, formed as a result of radioactive decay of natural uranium in rock, soil, and water and is emitted from earth. Radon emanation varies between winter months and summer months. However, radon anomalies have been observed on all active faults considered earthquake-prone zones (Deb et al. 2018; Woith 2015; Sac et al. 2011; Ghosh, Deb and Sengupta 2009; Scheibel and Appoloni 2007; Belyaev 2001; Virk and Singh 1994; King 1986). Generally, the relationship between radon gas measurements of air (King et al. 1996; Anic et al. 2018) water (groundwater, thermal water, spring water) (Teng 1980; Labrecque et al. 2001; Camgöz et al. 2010) and soil (Yang et al. 2005; Yang et al. 2018) and seismic events are investigated. The radon gas has a character of emanation, and is emitted abnormally, then it means that earth fault line is stressed and so outgassing action takes place which is
* Nurdan Akakçe [email protected] 1
Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
2
Ege University Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis (EGE-MATAL), Izmir, Turkey
3
Turkish State Meteorological Service Adnan Menderes Airport Meteorological Office, Izmir, Turkey
accepted as a precursor to impending earthquake. Moreover, it is established that the process of radon migration results in upward flow leading to its leakage from the earth crust is caused by active faults motion (King et al. 1996). In addition, the stress and distribution of fractures that control the outgassing process are not uniform throughout the earth’s crust (Sac et al. 2011). Particularly, when analyzing radon concentration data in terrestrial ecosystem, it is found that there exists a relationship between the earthquake mechanism and abnormal concentrations of radon and it p
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