A comprehensive investigation of the mechanical behavior and the dielectrics of pure polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA with
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A comprehensive investigation of the mechanical behavior and the dielectrics of pure polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA with graphene (GnP) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) N. Vidakis1 · M. Petousis1 · K. Savvakis1 · A. Maniadi1 · E. Koudoumas2 Received: 17 February 2019 / Accepted: 31 October 2019 © Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology 2019
Abstract In this work, the mechanical response of fused deposition modeling (FDM) specimens made of polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid nanocomposite with graphene (PLA GnP) filler is experimentally determined. A wide variety of standard tests was performed. Test results were assessed to depict quantitatively the mechanical properties of the materials tested. Comprehensive comparison of the mechanical strength between FDM-printed PLA and PLA GnP polymers was carried out to illustrate the filler’s impact. Effect of the FDM process in these materials’ properties arises by comparing them to the ones of the bulk or injection molded specimens, in quantitative and qualitative terms. Comparison demonstrates that both polymers exhibit similar behavior in every case, with slight domination of the PLA to the PLA GnP composite. Test results were correlated with the patterns of the specimens’ fractured surfaces, obtained through scanning electron microscopy. Effect of graphene in the dielectrics of the material is also evaluated, with the measurements showing a significant increase in the dielectric values, with the addition of this specific nanocomposite in the material. Keywords Nanopolymer composites · 3D printing · Fused deposition modeling (FDM) · Polylactic acid (PLA) · PLA with graphene (PLA GnP) · Mechanical properties
* M. Petousis [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Technological Education Institute of Crete, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Education Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Plastics Technology
Introduction Poly(lactic acid) or polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, derived mainly from renewable resources. Due to its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, PLA is the leading and most utilized biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine. Besides this use, the specific polymer and its derivatives are widely employed in industry, since it can effectively replace conventional petrochemical-based polymers [1–5]. PLA is also extensively employed in fused deposition modeling (FDM), and therefore a lot of research has been carried out about the modification of its bulk properties owing to this fabrication method. The results of the corresponding experimental studies vary significantly due to the printing parameters set and of the anisotropic nature of FDM-made PLA parts or specimens. In particular, mechanical properties, such as tensile, compressive and flexural strength, have been studied [1, 2, 4, 6, 7], and the respective results indicated that there
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