A Critique of the Moral Defense of Vegetarianism

Is vegetarianism morally defensible? Can one even be a vegetarian?

This book asserts that the answers to both these questions is a resounding 'no.' Drawing on the latest research in plant science, systems ecology, environmental philosophy, and cultural

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A Cr itique of the Moral Defense of Vegetar ianism

Andrew F. Smith

A CRITIQUE OF THE MORAL DEFENSE OF VEGETARIANISM

Copyright © Andrew F. Smith 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-55488-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN 978-1-349-71708-8 E-PDF ISBN: 978-1-137-55489-5 DOI: 10.1057/9781137554895 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan®, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smith, Andrew F., 1972– A critique of the moral defense of vegetarianism / Andrew F. Smith. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Vegetarianism— Moral and ethical aspects. I. Title. TX392.S58 2016 179'.3—dc23

2015027282

A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.

For Isabel Hawman, the Schuylkill River

Contents

Preface Acknowledgments

ix xiii

1

An Unsettling Question

1

2

Plant Sentience

11

3

Animism

39

4

The Closed Loop

71

5

Two Objections, One Accommodation

99

6

Loose Ends

121

Notes

131

Bibliography

147

Index

171

Preface

For the record, I did not expect to end up as an iconoclastic vegetarian when I began work on this project. I had no intention of even writing a book when I first set out, let alone a book in which I would challenge some of my own most entrenched beliefs. The development of A Critique of the Moral Defense of Vegetarianism has proceeded so quickly that it will take some time for me to fully digest (pun intended) what I have written here. A Critique of the Moral Defense of Vegetarianism comprises two stories, one of exploration and the other of discovery. Initially, I set out to answer a question that occurred to me as I read through the comments of a blog p