A dynamic column breakthrough apparatus for adsorption capacity measurements with quantitative uncertainties
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A dynamic column breakthrough apparatus for adsorption capacity measurements with quantitative uncertainties Paul S. Hofman · Thomas E. Rufford · K. Ida Chan · Eric F. May
Received: 1 December 2011 / Accepted: 13 August 2012 / Published online: 31 August 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract A dynamic column breakthrough (DCB) apparatus was used to study the separation of CH4 + N2 gas mixtures using two zeolites, H+ -mordenite and 13X, at temperatures of (229.2 and 301.9) K and pressures to 792.9 kPa. The apparatus is not limited to the study of dilute adsorbates within inert carrier gases because the instrumentation allows the effluent flow rate to be measured accurately: a method for correcting apparent effluent mass flow readings for large changes in effluent composition is described. The mathematical framework used to determine equilibrium adsorption capacities from the dynamic adsorption experiments is presented and includes a method for estimating quantitatively the uncertainties of the measured capacities. Dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted with pure CH4 , pure N2 and equimolar CH4 + N2 mixtures, and the results were compared with similar static adsorption experiments reported in the literature. The 13X zeolite had the greater adsorption capacity for both CH4 and N2 . At 792 kPa the equilibrium capacities of the 13X zeolite increased from 2.13 ± 0.14 mmol g−1 for CH4 and 1.36 ± 0.10 mmol g−1 for N2 at 301.9 K to 3.97 ± 0.19 mmol g−1 for CH4 and 3.33 ± 0.12 mmol g−1 for N2 at 229.2 K. Both zeolites preferentially adsorbed CH4 ; however, the mordenite had a greater equilibrium selectivity of 3.5 ± 0.4 at 301.9 K. Equilibrium selectivities inferred from pure fluid capacities using the Ideal Adsorbed Solution theory were limited by the accuracy of the literature pure fluid Toth models. Equilibrium P.S. Hofman · T.E. Rufford · E.F. May () Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia e-mail: [email protected] K.I. Chan Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, TX 77002, USA
capacities with quantitative uncertainties derived directly from DCB measurements without reference to a dynamic model should help increase the accuracy of mass transfer parameters extracted by the regression of such models to time dependent data. Keywords Adsorption · Zeolites · Packed bed · Pressure swing adsorption · Petroleum · Gases
1 Introduction The separation and purification of gas mixtures by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is an established industrial separation technology used, for example, in the separation of air into oxygen and nitrogen, the production of hydrogen, and the capture of volatile organic compounds from waste gas streams (Sircar 2002; Campbell 1974; Kidnay and Parrish 2006; Yang 1987). The design of PSA systems requires several key input data: (1) adsorption equilibria, (2) masstransfer characteristics and (3) enthalpies of adsorption. The three main experimental techniques used
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