A global review of green turtle diet: sea surface temperature as a potential driver of omnivory levels
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REVIEW, CONCEPT, AND SYNTHESIS
A global review of green turtle diet: sea surface temperature as a potential driver of omnivory levels Nicole Esteban1 · Jeanne A. Mortimer2,3 · Holly J. Stokes1 · Jacques‑Olivier Laloë4 · Richard K. F. Unsworth1 · Graeme C. Hays4 Received: 19 July 2019 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract To better understand dietary requirements, trophic shifts, and trophic interactions of the threatened green turtle (Chelonia mydas), we conducted a comprehensive global review and literature tabulation (177 studies) reporting diets of individuals > 25 cm carapace length. We analysed those studies involving natural sites and healthy animals that reported relative proportions of all diet components (67 studies, 89 datasets at 75 sites, 13 geographic sub-regions, 3 oceans). We compared diets by sub-region and foraging site relative to four diet components, i.e., seagrass, macroalgae, terrestrial plants (including mangroves) and animal matter. To assess sea surface temperature (SST) as an environmental driver, values were extracted from satellite data (single year) and site-specific observations (study durations) and examined relative to diet composition. Satellite data indicated that at warmer sites with temperatures > 25 °C (≥ 6 months annually), diet was predominantly herbivorous (mean = 92.97%; SE = 9.85; n = 69 datasets). At higher latitude sites and in cold-water currents with SST
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