A Hybrid Document Formation Technology
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A HYBRID DOCUMENT FORMATION TECHNOLOGY A. I. Ivanov,a P. S. Lozhnikov,b† and A. Ye. Samotuga b‡
UDC 004.91
Abstract. We propose a technology that extends the functionality of the available electronic document management systems creating an unlimited number of hard copies of electronic documents. Herewith, each hard copy may be used in ordinary document workflow in usual paper form with reliable information. The technology reliably relates electronic workflow with usual paper workflow without additional costs of notary services. Hybrid document validation process is also considered. The advantages of this technology are described and the image of a hybrid document is shown. Keywords: hybrid document workflow, digital signature, dynamic signature.
Creating electronic documents in PDF format where the signature image of the person who has created this document is embedded along with a text is popular. For example, the following software is available in AppStore: SignNow, HelloSign, PDFpenPro, Signosign/2, and QuickSign. An advantage of these products is that they are standard. In particular, a signed document in PDF format can easily be transformed to its paper copy by printing. The main shortcoming of such document is that it implies absolute credibility to the author and is fake-vulnerable. The signature as an image can be easily removed from the original PDF document and then this attribute of the document can be embedded in any falsified document. A shortcoming of embedding the image of original signature into an electronic document or its paper copy is also that the authenticity of a hand-written signature can only be verified by a person who knows well the nuances of the signature of the signer. There are attempts to eliminate this shortcoming by automatically saving the biometric parameters of the hand-written autograph in the document. For example, Russian enterprise NTTs KASIB produces SignToLogin [1], which controls the quality of signature in the figure in an electronic document by comparing its parameters with reference ones. As a result, the user can judge the authenticity of the electronic document with the autograph image based on the software data. The user trusting the software can verify the reliability of the autograph of unknown person. The main shortcoming of automatic biometric signature verification in an electronic document is that the probabilities of errors of the first and second kind of biometric test can be high (up to 15%). Moreover, the test result can be easily falsified by replacing the biometric template in the electronic document verification program. One more shortcoming of electronic documents and tools of a posteriori verification of a static signature in a figure is that they are suitable to check the authenticity of hard copies of an electronic document with unknown signature. The problem of converting electronic documents into paper documents existing in parallel is important for a number of corporate technological applications. Electronic documents can be seen and verified
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